The second ionization of carbon: C^+ rightarrow C^2+ + e^- And the first ionizat
ID: 986284 • Letter: T
Question
The second ionization of carbon: C^+ rightarrow C^2+ + e^- And the first ionization of boron: Both fit the reaction: B rightarrow B^+ + e- 1s^2S^22p^1 rightarrow 1S^2S^2 + e^- Compare the two ionization energies (24.383 eV and 839 eV. respectively) and the effective nuclear charges. Z*. Is this an adequate explanation of the difference in ionization energies? If not. suggest other factors. The graph of ionization energy versus atomic number for the elements Na through Ar show s maxima at Mg and Pand minima at A1 and S. Explain these maxima and minima. The graph of electron affinity vs. atomic number for the elements Na through Ar also shows maxima and minima, but shifted one element in comparison with the ionization energy graph. Why are the maxima and minima shifted in this way?Explanation / Answer
10 ) C+ has higher ionisation energy compared to B.
both have same electronic configuration ------------> 1s2 2s2 2p1.
but in carbon there are 6 protons and 5 electrons and in Boron there are 5 protons and 5 electrons. in carbon 6 protons can hold good 5 electrons that means the effective nuclear charge is high in case of carbon so we cannot remove elctron easily from monopositive ion C+ . so C+ IE value is higher
11 )
Mg----------> 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Mg has full filled configuration in its valence shell 2s. there are outer most 2s2 electrons are more inert so IE is maxium.
P -----------> 1s2 2s2 2p6 3p2 3p3
in P there are three p electrons in outer most shell . it is half -filled configuration. when half -filled or full filled configuration present in the valence shell that configuration is more stable . so high IE is for P
but in case Al (3s1 ) there is only one outer most electron an in S there 3p4 configuration. if we remove electron from Al it gets 2s2 stable configuration and S gets 3p3 half filled configuration . so less energy is needed
(b) Mg , Al doesnot gain electrons so these so minimum because of stable configuration. but Cl , has maximum it gains electron easily to get stabily so it has maxima