Running Head Autism Spectrum Disorderautism Spectrum Disorder ✓ Solved

Autism is a spectrum of developmental disabilities characterized by marked social, behavioral and communication challenges. Children with autism also exhibit repetitive behavior. It can range from minor symptoms to major. There is no definite cause of autism, but it is perceived that disorders of the sensory and language areas in the brain contribute to the disorder. Environmental and genetic factors influence the development of the disorder. Autism is prevalent four times in boys than girls. 1 in 54 children in the US have the disorder.

It is a spectrum disorder because it occurs with variation in the signs and symptoms depending on race, economic status, and ethnicity. It is a lifelong disorder, and interventions only manage the symptoms but do not cure the disorder.

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of autism appear at the age of three in children but can also be noticeable at the age of 18 months. The signs include repetitive behaviors such as jumping and hand flapping, fixation to objects or activities, inability to express oneself, extreme sensitivity to sound and light, and difficulties with conversations.

Children with autism usually face communication problems and have difficulties expressing themselves. They may struggle with learning and memory; however, many excel in art and mathematics. These children can communicate and interact with others, but their way of interaction may not be understood by neurotypical peers.

Role of Occupational Therapy Team

Occupational therapists play a crucial role in managing autism in children. They collaborate with parents, siblings, and teachers of autistic children to set management goals for immediate challenges. Their focus includes improving interaction, classroom performance, and behavior. Applied behavior analysis, which reinforces positive behavior and discourages negative behavior, is considered the best therapy for autism.

Modifying the environment to accommodate autistic children can improve their behavior. Additionally, involving peers or siblings to aid in interaction challenges has been shown to enhance their communication and self-expression. Occupational therapists also work on developing handwriting and fine motor skills, and with appropriate interventions, autistic children often excel in artistic and musical endeavors.

Conclusion

In summary, autism spectrum disorder presents a range of symptoms and challenges that necessitate a multifaceted approach to support. Occupational therapy can provide essential strategies to help children with autism navigate their environments effectively and improve their interaction with the world, empowering them to reach their full potential.

References

• Gibbs, V. D. (2017). Detection and treatment of autism spectrum disorder by occupational therapy practitioners: Addressing racial disparity in diagnosis. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71(3), pp4.
• Hodges, H., Fealko, C., & Soares, N. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder: definition, epidemiology, causes, and clinical evaluation. Translational Pediatrics, 9(Suppl 1), S55.
• Jobs, E. N., Bölte, S., & Falck-Ytter, T. (2019). Spotting signs of autism in 3-year-olds: comparing information from parents and preschool staff. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(3).
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Retrieved from CDC website
• Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205-223.
• Rutter, M., & Schopler, E. (2010). Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of a Longitudinal Study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(6), 739-754.
• Wainer, A., & Ingersoll, B. (2015). The Use of Technology in the Assessment and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Behavioral Analyst Today, 16(4), 1080-1090.
• Bone, D., Ault, M. J., & DeRoche, K. (2021). Parent perceptions and recommendations for occupational therapy services provided to children with autism. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 75(1), 7501160010.
• Billstedt, E., Gillberg, C., & Trottier, G. (2005). Autism spectrum disorders and the role of clinical assessment. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 14(5), 297-305.