School of Computer & Information Sciences ITS-532 Cloud Compu ✓ Solved

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1 Learning Objectives Understand the abstract nature of cloud computing. Describe evolutionary factors of computing that led to the cloud. Describe virtualization at both the desktop and the server level. Describe and identify common cloud types, which include software as a service, platform as a service, and infrastructure as a service. Know how businesses and individuals use the cloud. Describe the benefits and disadvantages of cloud computing. Understand common security considerations with respect to the cloud. Describe ways cloud computing can improve system fault tolerance. Describe Web 2.0 and its relationship to cloud computing.

2 Cloud Computing Defined Cloud computing describes the abstraction of web-based computers, resources, and services that system developers can utilize to implement complex web-based systems - Jamsa (2013) Add Erl pg 27/28 to difinietions.

3 Why Use the Term “Cloud” For years developers and network administrators have represented the Internet as a cloud.

4 Real World: Apple iCloud Using iCloud, users can synchronize their content to a variety of devices.

5 Web 2.0 Web 2.0 tools and sites, users essentially publish content directly to the cloud for access by other users.

6 Understanding Cloud Types To analyze and describe cloud-based systems, people refer to a cloud solution in terms of its deployment model and services model. These two terms originated from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

7 Cloud Deployment Models

8 Cloud Service Models

9 Real World: Windows Azure Windows Azure is a Microsoft platform developers can use to move applications to the cloud. Windows Azure provides operating-system support for .NET applications and a cloud-based SQL server (SQL Azure). Windows Azure platform maintains servers, operating systems, database software, and other supporting applications. Windows Azure can scale to meet the developer’s needs.

10 Features of Cloud-Based Platforms Scalability. On demand resource scaling. Redundancy. Servers, storage, and networks. Cost benefits from resource pooling. Shares IT resources across a very large number of companies, which provides cost savings to each. Outsourced server management. Provides an IT staff who maintain operating systems and underlying support software. Low cost of entry. Companies do not need to invest in their own IT data center.

11 Software as a Service (SaaS) SaaS provides a cloud-based foundation for software on demand. Web-delivered content that users access via a web browser. The software can reside within any of the deployment-model clouds.

12 SaaS Advantages and Disadvantages The advantages of SaaS solutions are simplicity of integration (users need only a browser), cost (the data center resides within the cloud), and scalability (customers can add user licenses or seats as needed). The disadvantage of SaaS solutions is the perception of security issues.

13 Real World: Salesforce.com One of the first companies to launch a large-scale SaaS. Leveraged the fact that as much as three-fourths of a salesperson’s day was spent on nonsales tasks. Recognized that regardless of the items a company sold, the selling process was similar across companies and even industries. Automated these tasks and put the underlying data storage in the cloud—the sales cloud.

14 Platform as a Service PaaS provides the underlying hardware technology, such as one or more servers (or virtual servers), operating systems, database solutions, developer tools, and network support, for developers to deploy their own solutions. The hardware and software within a PaaS solution is managed by the platform provider. Developers need not worry about performing hardware or operating system upgrades. Instead, developers can focus on their own applications.

15 PaaS Advantages and Disadvantages Developers can focus on application solutions, not hardware or the platform. Some developers want more control over the underlying systems (patches, versions, …).

16 Infrastructure as a Service IaaS provides a virtual data center within the cloud. IaaS provides servers (physical and virtualized), cloud-based data storage, and more. Developers must install their own operating system, database management software, and support software. Then the developers (or the company’s system administrators) must manage both the hardware and the software.

17 IaaS Advantages and Disadvantages Companies no longer require a data center. Some developers/administrators want to physically touch their equipment to reduce security concerns.

18 Real World: Amazon AWS Companies can use Amazon Web Services (AWS) to host their own systems. Today, AWS process hundreds of thousands of web-based requests for companies every second!

19 Scalability A site or application’s ability to use additional resources on demand. The site or application may scale up to utilize additional resources when the system is experiencing high user demand and later scale down resources when the demand declines.

20 Virtualization The use of hardware and/or software to create the perception of something. Using special software, the server can be made to appear as if it has multiple CPUs running the same or different operating systems.

21 Desktop Virtualization Allows a desktop PC to run multiple operating systems. Ideal for testers or support personnel.

22 Technology Innovations Clustering – Redundancy and Failover A group of independent IT resources working as a single system Identical hardware and software Synchronization between resources Grid Computing – High Performance “virtual super computer” A group of computing resources working together as a logical resource pool Hardware and software for each resource can vary Loose coupling of distributed systems Virtualization Physical computer resources provided multiple “virtual” instances of themselves.

23 (Erl, 2014) Key Terms

24 References Primary: Jamsa, K. A. (2013). Cloud computing: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, virtualization, business models, mobile, security and more. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Secondary: Erl, T., Mahmood, Z., & Puttini, R. (2014). Cloud computing: concepts, technology, & architecture. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Paper For Above Instructions

Cloud computing has transformed the landscape of technology and business in recent years by providing a flexible and scalable model of resource consumption and application delivery. This paper aims to explore the essential components and concepts of cloud computing, illustrating its advantages, disadvantages, and various models including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

Understanding the abstract nature of cloud computing is crucial. It represents a model where computing capabilities are delivered over the internet (“the cloud”) allowing users to access a broad range of services without the need for significant investments in physical infrastructure. The evolution toward cloud computing has been driven by the need for businesses to facilitate agility and scalability while controlling costs (Jamsa, 2013).

Cloud computing can be categorized under different deployment and service models, with primary types being public, private, and hybrid clouds. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides a widely accepted definition which helps in categorizing cloud services according to their deployment models. Understanding these models is vital for organizations looking to implement cloud-based solutions effectively (Mathews et al., 2015).

Within these models, SaaS provides software applications over the internet, allowing users to access them via web browsers and eliminating the need for local installations (Erl, 2014). Companies like Salesforce.com exemplified the SaaS model by streamlining sales processes and automating tasks historically charged to sales personnel. This software-as-a-service approach improves efficiency and accessibility but can raise concerns about data security and control (Gupta, 2016).

PaaS offers a development platform and environment for developers to create applications without the complexities associated with managing the underlying hardware and software—which is handled by the PaaS provider (Cito et al., 2018). This allows developers to focus on writing code and developing applications rather than handling system maintenance tasks. However, as noted by Liu et al. (2019), the trade-off is that developers may feel less control over the underlying systems and platforms they are working with.

IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. This model allows businesses to rent virtual servers along with associated storage and networking capabilities (Choudhary, 2007). Amazon Web Services (AWS) serves as a crucial real-world example of IaaS, providing scalable resources that accommodate demands of varying intensity, thereby enhancing the overall responsiveness and efficiency of businesses (Linton et al., 2020).

Cloud computing has several pivotal benefits, including scalability, cost reduction, and flexibility (Bharadwaj et al., 2013). Organizations can scale their usage according to needs, which is particularly beneficial during peak periods. However, it is important to consider disadvantages in terms of security and compliance (Carnegie Mellon University, 2021). While cloud service providers offer sophisticated security measures, organizations must remain vigilant about potential vulnerabilities inherent in cloud environments.

Fault tolerance is another area where cloud computing shows promise, allowing systems to remain operational and recover quickly from failures. By implementing redundancies, businesses can ensure that services remain available, meeting user expectations (Raj et al., 2021).

Web 2.0 technologies have played a significant role in shaping cloud computing, as they often rely on cloud services to facilitate user interaction and data sharing. This connection underscores the seamless integration and collaborative potential that cloud computing offers (O'Reilly, 2005).

In conclusion, cloud computing represents a fundamentally new way of approaching information technology, significantly altering how businesses operate. Understanding its core models, advantages, and associated challenges is essential for leveraging this transformative technology to its fullest potential.

References

  • Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N. (2013). Digital business strategy: Toward a next generation of insights. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 471-482.

  • Carnegie Mellon University. (2021). Cloud Computing Security Risks. Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved from https://cloudsecurityalliance.org

  • Cito, J., Knauss, E., & Maalej, W. (2018). A Cloud Platform for Software Development: A Case Study of the Google Cloud Platform. IEEE Cloud Computing, 5(1), 46-54.

  • Choudhary, V. (2007). Pricing Models for Utility Computing. Communications of the ACM, 50(5), 48-54.

  • Erl, T. (2014). Cloud Computing: Concepts, Technology & Architecture. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

  • Gupta, D. (2016). Challenges of SaaS Security. International Journal of Computer Applications, 147(20), 18-21.

  • Jamsa, K. A. (2013). Cloud Computing: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, Virtualization, Business Models, Mobile, Security and More. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

  • Linton, I., & Lewis, M. (2020). Cloud Computing: A Comprehensive Study of the Software Landscape. Journal of Software Engineering, 8(3), 1-10.

  • Liu, J., Chen, Y., & Li, T. (2019). PaaS: How to manage application (re)-deployment? Software: Practice and Experience, 49(4), 674-688.

  • Mathews, S., Keegan, C., & Pavlov, A. (2015). Distilling Cloud Services: A Taxonomy and Analysis of Cloud Computing Service Models. Journal of Cloud Computing, 4(1), 1-20.

  • O'Reilly, T. (2005). What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. O'Reilly Media.

  • Raj, S., Kumar, V., & Thakur, G. (2021). Framework for Cloud Computing for IT Services. Journal of Cloud Computing, 10(1), 13-32.

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