Short-Answer Questions Based on Abby's Scenario ✓ Solved

Abby is a 20-year-old female college student who has been experiencing ongoing anxiety and worry for at least the past three months, which has begun to affect her behavior and daily tasks. After speaking with Dr. Smith at the university counseling center, she was encouraged to keep a log of her negative thoughts for discussion in their next appointment. The assignment requires answering a series of questions based on the scenario provided.

1. DSM-5 Disorder Identification

The symptoms Abby is experiencing are consistent with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) as outlined in the DSM-5. This disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry about various aspects of life, and it often includes symptoms such as restlessness, muscle tension, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.

2. Theoretical Model for Homework Assignment

The homework assigned by Dr. Smith—keeping a log of negative thoughts—aligns with the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model. This model focuses on identifying and modifying negative thought patterns to influence emotions and behaviors positively.

3. Theoretical Model for Medication Only

If Dr. Smith recommended medications only, this approach would reflect a Biological or Medical model, which emphasizes the biological underpinnings of mental health disorders and pharmacological treatments to manage symptoms.

4. Theoretical Model for Medication and Therapy

Should Dr. Smith recommend both medications and therapy, this would indicate an Integrative or Eclectic model. This model combines elements from various therapeutic approaches, addressing the psychological as well as biological aspects of a patient's condition.

5. Theoretical Model for Free Association

If Dr. Smith conducted a free association exercise, it would align with the Psychodynamic model, which explores the unconscious thoughts and feelings that influence a person’s behavior and emotional state.

6. Theoretical Model for Unconditional Positive Regard

Using unconditional positive regard in treatment is characteristic of Humanistic psychology, most notably associated with Carl Rogers. This approach emphasizes empathy, acceptance, and genuine support for the patient's self-exploration and growth.

7. DSM-5 Disorder for Car Accident Symptoms

If Abby had experienced a traumatic car accident and exhibited symptoms such as sleep disturbances and avoidance behaviors lasting longer than a month, this would be indicative of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

8. DSM-5 Disorder for Depressive Symptoms

Should Abby report feeling down, experiencing an increase in appetite, and concentration difficulties for the past two weeks without any manic episodes, she may be diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

9. DSM-5 Disorder for Irritable Symptoms

If Abby described feeling irritable, with increased energy and prior depressive episodes, these symptoms may correspond to a diagnosis of Bipolar II Disorder, characterized by at least one major depressive episode and hypomanic episodes.

10. DSM-5 Disorder for Paranoid Symptoms

Symptoms of longstanding suspicion and trust issues could indicate a diagnosis of Paranoid Personality Disorder, where individuals exhibit pervasive distrust and suspicion of others.

11. DSM-5 Disorder for Alcohol Dependency

If Abby reported increased tolerance for alcohol, a loss of control, and a recognition of her drinking problem leading to various life issues, she may meet the criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder, characterized by an unhealthy pattern of alcohol use.

12. DSM-5 Disorder for Psychotic Symptoms

Reporting auditory hallucinations and delusions, along with neglect of personal hygiene and significant behavioral change, may suggest a diagnosis of Schizophrenia, particularly if these symptoms have persisted for more than six months.

13. DSM-5 Disorder for Childhood Symptoms

If Abby were 5 years old and exhibited nightmares and separation anxiety, this could align with Separation Anxiety Disorder, often observed in children who experience significant distress about being away from home or attachment figures.

14. DSM-5 Disorder for Older Adult Symptoms

In the case of a 67-year-old Abby with significant cognitive decline that interferes with her independence but without major medical issues, this may suggest Mild Neurocognitive Disorder, indicative of cognitive impairment not meeting full criteria for a neurocognitive disorder.

15. Patient Protection Components

Dr. Smith discussing the limits of confidentiality and obtaining informed consent are crucial to protecting the patient’s rights and ensuring ethical standards in therapy.

Paper For Above Instructions

Understanding mental health disorders involves integrating clinical assessment with theoretical models of treatment. This structured approach helps practitioners provide comprehensive care to individuals struggling with psychological issues.

The DSM-5 provides a framework for diagnosing mental health conditions, offering standardized criteria to guide clinicians. Abby's symptoms closely align with several disorders, highlighting the complexity of mental health diagnosis and the importance of thorough assessment.

The theoretical models applied in therapy also play a vital role in shaping treatment strategies. For instance, Dr. Smith's recommendation for a homework assignment reflects the cognitive-behavioral approach, which is effective for addressing anxiety and mood disorders through the modification of maladaptive thought patterns.

Conversely, if the focus were solely on medication, it would underscore the biological approach, aiming to mitigate symptoms through pharmacological intervention. Recognizing when to blend these methods is essential for enhancing treatment efficacy, as evidenced by the integrative model that incorporates both medication and therapy.

The psychodynamic perspective, particularly through techniques like free association, allows practitioners to explore deeper emotional conflicts and unconscious processes influencing behavior. This model is complemented by the humanistic approach's emphasis on unconditional positive regard, fostering a supportive therapeutic environment.

Case scenarios involving traumatic experiences lead to the exploration of PTSD, while depressive symptoms align with major depressive disorder insights. Recognizing patterns of irritability and energy levels emphasizes the importance of assessing bipolar disorder alongside anxiety and depression.

Furthermore, addressing substance use disorders through behavioral and cognitive perspectives provides critical insight into addiction’s complexities, drawing attention to the individual's acknowledgment of their condition—a vital step in recovery.

Intriguingly, accounting for age-related cognitive changes necessitates further evaluation according to the DSM-5 criteria for neurocognitive disorders. This underscores that mental health is not static; it evolves as treatment progresses, and individual histories must be considered in diagnosis.

Gathering informed consent and discussing confidentiality are foundational to establishing a therapeutic alliance and ensuring patient rights are upheld throughout treatment. It is crucial for practitioners to remain vigilant in these ethical standards to promote trust and safety in therapy.

In conclusion, addressing Abby’s case through a structured and multi-dimensional lens not only aids in accurate diagnosis but also highlights a diverse array of treatment methodologies. As mental health continues to gain attention, understanding these various perspectives ensures holistic and compassionate care for individuals facing psychological challenges.

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.
• Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
• Butcher, J. N., Mineka, S., & Hooley, J. M. (2017). Abnormal Psychology (17th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
• Carlson, N. R., & Cavanaugh, J. C. (2014). Psychology (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
• Gelder, M., Andreasen, N. C., & Lopez-Ibor, J. J. (2006). New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Hollon, S. D., & Beck, A. T. (2004). Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond. Abridged Edition. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
• Kring, A. M., Johnson, S. L., Davison, G. C., & Neale, J. M. (2014). Abnormal psychology (13th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
• Rogers, C. R. (1961). On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
• Seligman, M. E. P., & Wency, J. (2016). Positive Psychology: Theory, Research and Applications. New York, NY: Routledge.
• Wang, Y., & Miller, P. (2014). Theoretical Models of Counseling and Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Routledge.