Week 3 Learning Activity1 Name The Three Factors That Determine Wheth ✓ Solved

1. Name the three factors that determine whether or not a person experiences a crisis in response to a stressful situation.

2. What is the goal of crisis intervention?

3. What is the definition of diagnostic overshadowing?

4. What is the definition of social distancing?

5. What are the symptoms of a person with agoraphobia?

6. What is the primary nursing intervention for a person in panic anxiety?

7. What are the elements that determine one’s response (and subsequent adjustment) to a stressful situation?

8. What is associated with the onset of an adjustment disorder?

9. How do alternative medicine and complementary medicine differ?

10. Caring for Patients With Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders in General Practice Settings. Identify the following key terms associated with caring for patients with mental illness and substance use disorders in general practice settings with the descriptions or definitions listed below.

11. a. diagnostic overshadowing b. patient-centered care c. screening d. SBIRT e. social distancing f. stigmatization g. suicide prevention h. trauma-informed care

12. 1. A concept that requires nurses and other healthcare professionals to listen to and empower the patient in decision making around his or her care and establish a collaborative partnership 2. An attitude of devaluing a person because of a particular characteristic or illness 3. An evidence-based approach referring to screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment 4. A phenomenon in which a person’s physical symptoms are attributed to his or her mental illness 5. Methods of assessment for suicide risk and for differentiating between suicide ideation and attempts 6. Care that assesses for and demonstrates sensitivity to the impact of trauma history on current behavior and relationships in every aspect of nursing intervention 7. The identification of clinically significant symptoms that require further assessment and intervention 8. An aspect of stigma that refers to the tendency of healthcare workers and others to avoid people with mental illness or addiction.

Paper For Above Instructions

The field of mental health is complex, particularly when addressing crises and the subsequent responses of individuals to stressors. Understanding the factors that contribute to crises, the goals of crisis intervention, and various terminologies associated with mental health can facilitate better care for individuals facing mental health challenges. This paper will address key questions and concepts outlined in the Week 3 Learning Activity.

Factors Leading to a Crisis

Three main factors determine whether a person experiences a crisis in response to a stressful situation:

1. Perception of the Situation: How a person interprets a stressful event can significantly influence their emotional and psychological response. A perceived threat can lead to feelings of helplessness and anxiety, whereas viewing the situation as manageable can foster resilience (Haviv, 2020).
2. Support Systems: The availability of social support plays a critical role in determining the severity of a crisis. Individuals with strong social networks tend to cope better during stress due to the emotional backing and practical assistance provided by family and friends (Cohen & Wills, 1985).
3. Previous Coping Skills: An individual’s past experiences and coping mechanisms will influence their ability to handle new stressful situations. Those who have developed effective coping strategies are more likely to navigate crises successfully (Folkman & Moskowitz, 2004).

Goals of Crisis Intervention

The primary goal of crisis intervention is to restore the individual's equilibrium and facilitate the return to pre-crisis functioning. This involves providing immediate support, assessing the needs of the individual, and collaboratively developing a plan to address the emotional and practical aspects of the crisis (Roberts, 2005). Furthermore, crisis intervention aims to prevent the escalation of the issue into a more severe mental health problem.

Definitions of Key Concepts

Diagnostic Overshadowing: This term refers to the phenomenon where healthcare professionals attribute a patient's physical symptoms to an underlying mental illness, potentially leading to misdiagnosis and inadequate care. It is crucial for providers to remain aware of this to ensure comprehensive treatment (Psychiatric Services, 2011).

Social Distancing: In mental health contexts, social distancing can refer to both a physical and emotional disengagement from others, which may exacerbate feelings of isolation and loneliness among those with mental illness. Understanding this concept is essential for clinicians aiming to provide holistic care (Marmot, 2015).

Symptoms of Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia is characterized by intense fear or anxiety in situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable. Symptoms often include:

• Panic attacks
• Fear of being outside alone
• Fear of being in crowded places
• Physical symptoms such as sweating, shaking, or heart palpitations

Nursing Intervention for Panic Anxiety

The primary nursing intervention for a person experiencing panic anxiety is to provide a calm and supportive environment. This helps to reduce excess stimulation and allows the patient to regain control. Techniques such as deep breathing exercises, grounding techniques, and reassurance are essential in alleviating acute panic symptoms (Labrador et al., 2020).

Stress Response Elements

Several elements determine an individual's response to stress and their adjustment afterward:

1. Ego Strength: The individual's psychological resilience and self-esteem.
2. Social Support: The level of emotional, physical, and financial support available.
3. Environment: Stressors related to one’s environment can significantly influence reactions and adjustment (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).

Onset of Adjustment Disorder

Adjustment disorders typically arise in response to identifiable stressors, such as significant life changes, loss, or chronic stress situations. They are characterized by emotional distress disproportionate to the actual stressor, requiring appropriate intervention (Kessler, 1997).

Alternative vs. Complementary Medicine

Alternative medicine refers to treatments used instead of conventional medicine, while complementary medicine signifies therapies utilized alongside conventional treatments. Understanding these distinctions is vital for healthcare providers when considering holistic patient care (Eisenberg et al., 1998).

Key Terms in Patient Care

The following terms are essential in understanding care for patients with mental illness and substance use disorders:

• Patient-centered care: Empowering patients by involving them in decision-making about their care (McCormack, 2003).
• SBIRT: Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment is a comprehensive, integrated, public health approach to the delivery of early intervention and treatment services for people with substance use disorders.
• Stigmatization: The devaluation of those with mental illness or addiction, obstructing their access to care (Corrigan, 2004).
• Trauma-informed care: An approach that recognizes the impact of trauma on patients and incorporates this understanding into their treatment (Harris & Fallot, 2001).

Conclusion

Understanding these critical factors and definitions allows healthcare professionals to provide more tailored support for individuals experiencing mental health crises. Recognizing the interplay between perception, support, and coping strategies is vital in fostering resilience and effectively managing crises.

References

• Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310.
• Corrigan, P. W. (2004). How stigma interferes with mental health care. American Psychologist, 59(7), 614.
• Eisenberg, D. M., et al. (1998). Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: Results of a follow-up national survey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(18), 1569-1575.
• Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745-774.
• Harris, M. & Fallot, R. D. (2001). Using trauma theory to design service systems. New Directions for Mental Health Services.
• Haviv, A. (2020). The Impact of Stress on Health. Health and Wellness Review, 45(3), 112-120.
• Kessler, R. C. (1997). The effects of stressful life events on depression. Annual Review of Sociology.
• Labrador, F. J., et al. (2020). Nursing care in panic anxiety situations: The importance of a supportive environment. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 10(5), 17-24.
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
• Marmot, M. (2015). The health gap: A new approach to tackling health inequalities in the UK. The Health Foundation.
• Roberts, A. R. (2005). Crisis intervention handbook: Assessment, treatment, and research. Oxford University Press.
• Psychiatric Services. (2011). Diagnostic overshadowing: Implications for management. Psychiatric Services.