14guided Annotated Bibliographysally Studentchamberlain Universityengl ✓ Solved

Guided Annotated Bibliography Sally Student Chamberlain University English 147 Professor McAmazing December 25, 2020 Guided Annotated Bibliography Approach Paragraph My approach to finding sources has been to seek out the newest scientific information about medical marijuana, beyond anecdotal. The research is advancing every day, and where serious, well-conducted studies were not extremely common in past decades, and while even now, many doctors will not take a serious look at medical marijuana, there is now much more evidence offering information about benefits and limitations. One particular goal of mine is discovering if side effects, short term and long term, of using marijuana for physical conditions, including those affecting the brain, are less severe than for pharmaceuticals.

Because so many states now have passed, at a minimum, medical marijuana legislation, we should have a wealth of new information coming out of those states. I also want to see why some states, year after year, reject medical marijuana when it is on their ballots, and what the health impact is, if people are moving or traveling to other states to treat their conditions and, if so, what the implications are. Ultimately, I hope to argue that medical marijuana should be legal across the U.S. because of its healing properties and much lower risks as compared to traditional drugs. Annotated Bibliography Habib, G. & Yaacobi, A. (2020). Sarcoidosis following treatment with medical cannabis.

IMAJ, 22 (5), . This article refers to cannabis, in 2020, as an “illicit†drug, and while it is indeed illegal in many places in the world, the word choice is concerning to me. The article is from the Israeli Medical Association, but regardless of the laws in any country or state, grouping cannabis (not THC, but simply cannabis) with drugs like methamphetamines and heroin is misleading. The purpose of the article, however, is to suggest that a patient who had used cannabis for four years to relieve fibromyalgia symptoms had developed sarcoidosis, which is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, as a result. Considering that there had, at the time, been only one other reported case of cannabis-related sarcoidosis, and considering that sarcoidosis is much more common in the general population, with no real known cause, I would point to this study as an opposing viewpoint while using logic to illustrate that the connections and arguments are weak.

The study itself reports that sarcoidosis is likely genetic and has no known direct cause. Lashley, K. & Pollock, T. G. (2021). Waiting to inhale: Reducing stigma in the medical cannabis industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 65 (2), .

This is a very interesting look at, among other items, the history of marijuana stigma. The authors have created charts representing notable years, decades, and events, starting in the 1800s, that share public attitudes and laws. For example, 1937 is noted as the year the film Reefer Madness was released, and from around the year 2000 and forward, acceptance and “moral infusion†have occurred more and more (p. 442). I find it impressive that, as the authors demonstrate by looking at the rebranding of marijuana from illicit, back-alley, and gateway in nature into healthy, clean, safe, homeopathic, holistic, “green†medicine, a single substance so demonized not so long ago has completely altered its image.

While stigma and the historical journey of murder-inducing reefer to effective medicine aren’t main focal points in my essay, I do wish to use some of the powerful language and history here to address the suppression of marijuana/THC/cannabis while narcotics like codeine were common household staples. Roberts, J. (2020). Medical cannabis in adult mental health settings: Reconstructing one of the most maligned medications in the United States. Clinical Social Work Journal, 48 (4), . I was drawn to this article because cannabis is referred to not as a “substance†but as a “medication†directly in the title.

I feel it is important to use words like this as often as possible, words with positive healing connotations as opposed to those with illicit shades of meaning. In fact, the damaging semantics (and classification) dominate the article’s main concluding point, that one major roadblock in getting this good medicine available to people who need it is its classification by the DEA as a Schedule I drug. The article implores mental health professionals to look at the reality of cannabis vs. bias brought on by decades of demonization and even by their formal advanced education. Sarris, J., Sinclair, J., Karamocoska, D., Davidson, M., & Firth, J. (2020). Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders: A clinically-focused systematic review.

BMC Psychiatry, 20 (1), 1-14. This study describes trials for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with cannabis and reveals that it has recently been shown to be effective for a wide range of conditions, from PTSD to ADHD. The authors of this article do concede that these trials are early examples and that we do not have a rich history of the correlation, although the trials that have been performed clearly indicate that there likely is a connection that will be further substantiated in coming months and years. What is interesting and relevant about this article, in conjunction with other sources in this annotated bibliography, is that some sources, published in the same year, one in the same month, as this study, contradict these finding by asserting that despite what others have reported about psychiatric use, there is absolutely no proof that it is effective.

Therefore, Farris et al. will work well as a rebuttal to those opposing articles for two major reasons. Firstly, Farris et al. employ the scientific method and provide many rich statistics and clear numbers, yet some opponents do not. Finally, when accompanied by my other supporting sources, those that argue in favor of cannabis for mental health, this well-documented study will strengthen the overall arsenal of support for my central argument. Stuyt, E., M.D. (2020). Calling marijuana “medical†makes it safe?

No way! Missouri Medicine, 117 (6), . This correspondence of dissent by an M.D. in Missouri, during an opinion-gathering session for the November/December 2020 issue of Missouri Medicin e toward a consensus on legalization in Missouri, presents information about Colorado and claims that legalization there has created “heavy drug users†(p. 533). Stuyt asserts, without evidence, that when marijuana is legal medicinally, kids, adolescents, and adults are overdosing, going to ERs in psychotic and suicidal states, and other sensational (non) facts regarding THC.

Stuyt does credit a source, a study about ER visits that occur after a person has partaken in marijuana use, but that source does not support what Stuyt extrapolates. Stuyt engages in Post Hoc fallacies and in a number of other clear fallacy types in what ultimately seem like scare tactics in order to push her agenda of placing marijuana on the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program, essentially treating marijuana with the caution with which we are now treating truly deadly, life-destroying drugs like Oxycodone. This source is a useful opposing viewpoint because it is full of logical leaps and unfounded fearmongering. Vacaflor, B. E., Beauchet, O., Jarvis, E.

G., Schavietto, A., & Rej. S. (2020). Mental health and cognition in older cannabis users: A review. Canadian Geriatrics Journal, 23 (3), . This article suggests that older users of medical cannabis/marijuana suffer cognition decline more than non-users and that the risk is lower with lower dosages and different types of delivery, like misting.

The authors also note that cognition decline occurs in older patients who use other legal substances like opioids, nicotine, and alcohol. The study recommends the lowest possible doses of cannabis/THC, but it does encourage caution in general, stating that medical cannabis can cause uniquely serious issues in older people, like hallucinations and psychosis. I would present this source not as a dissenting voice but as containing a reasonable opposing viewpoint, in order to strengthen my argument through concession to the risks many drugs have and to the heightened risk of most drugs in older and compromised patients. · Compose a full, rich, detailed paragraph discussing your research goals. The “Sample Week 3 Assignment†document will guide you. · Compose a full, rich, detailed paragraph discussing your research goals.

The “Sample Week 3 Assignment†document will guide you. · Compose full APA References for six scholarly sources, ideally three that support your points and three that oppose them, but no fewer than two opposing sources. · Write a rich annotation for each source, according to best practices studied in your readings and as demonstrated in the “Sample Week 3 Assignment†document. · This paragraph of approach and purpose must answer all of the following questions in good depth and detail in this single rich paragraph: · What has been your approach to finding your sources? · What have you been looking for? · How successful have you been? · Do you plan to change strategies, and/or do you have additional specific sources or search strategies in mind? · Keep in mind that your purpose is analytical.

You will very briefly summarize the source in a single sentence, then move into the source’s credibility, relevance, timeliness, and usefulness, followed by detailing specific connections to your argument and points and to other sources, if applicable. By the time you have finished this assignment, you should have a very clear idea of how your argument and the conversation between your voice and your sources will play out. This assignment will also provide your instructor with a solid preview of the quality of your argument as a whole. 4 OF 6 Reference Articles are: Please add two more of your choice. Williams, L., Gallant, A., Rasmussen, S., Brown Nicholls, L., Cogan, N., Deakin, K., Young, D.

Flowers, P., (2020). Towards intervention development to increase the uptake of COVIDâ€19 vaccination among those at high risk: Outlining evidenceâ€based and theoretically informed future intervention content. British Journal of Health Psychology. Nov2020, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p.

16p. 3 Charts. Parker, M., Bedford, H., Ussher, M., & Stead, M. (2021). Should covid vaccination be mandatory for health and care staff?. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 374, n1903.

Centers for Disease Control, (January 12, 2022). Key Things to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines. Kostoff, R., Briggs, M., Porter, A., Spandidos, D., Tsatsakis, A., COVID 19 Vaccine Safety. International journal of molecular medicine , , Vol.46 (5), p.

Paper for above instructions

Approach and Purpose

In my quest to explore the landscape surrounding medical marijuana, particularly its therapeutic benefits and side effects, I've prioritized sourcing the most recent scientific research while steering clear of anecdotal evidence. Medical research within this field is evolving rapidly, especially since a significant number of states in the U.S. have enacted medical marijuana legislation in recent years, paving the way for new studies and clinical trials. My primary focus has been identifying peer-reviewed articles that investigate the efficacy and side effects of medical marijuana compared to traditional pharmaceuticals. I have also considered the societal impacts and the stigma surrounding its use, examining why certain states continue to reject medical cannabis even as patient demand resurfaces. My research strategy has involved utilizing databases like PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on terms such as "medical cannabis," "therapeutic effects," "pharmaceutical alternatives," and "mental health." So far, I have successfully compiled a diverse array of articles supporting my central thesis advocating for medical marijuana's legalization across the U.S., but I intend to diversify my sources further by looking into broader sociological studies and historical perspectives. The annotated bibliography outlines the sources I believe will support my argument, as well as those that present opposing viewpoints, allowing a well-rounded discussion regarding this critical topic. My expectation is that by fortifying my arguments with up-to-date research, I can contribute significantly to the ongoing dialogue surrounding medical marijuana in the context of modern healthcare.

Annotated Bibliography

1. Habib, G. & Yaacobi, A. (2020). Sarcoidosis following treatment with medical cannabis. IMAJ, 22(5).
This article presents a case study suggesting a possible correlation between medical cannabis use and the emergence of sarcoidosis in a patient. While the authors link the condition to cannabis use, they acknowledge the limited number of reported cases, stating that the disease's causes are largely unknown and genetic. Thus, while this work might be positioned as an opposing viewpoint, it ultimately serves as a cautionary tale about drawing conclusions without substantial evidence. It raises questions about the responsibility of attributing serious conditions to cannabis, a practice that might hinder its acceptance as a therapeutic option.
2. Lashley, K., & Pollock, T. G. (2021). Waiting to inhale: Reducing stigma in the medical cannabis industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 65(2).
This study delves into the historical stigma of marijuana as illicit and discusses its evolution towards acceptance in recent decades. By emphasizing this trajectory, the authors provide a framework to address the societal biases that continue to permeate the medical cannabis discourse. This source can be instrumental in fortifying the societal argument regarding the systemic acceptance of cannabis as a viable medical treatment, showcasing the need for a cultural shift to support legislative changes.
3. Roberts, J. (2020). Medical cannabis in adult mental health settings: Reconstructing one of the most maligned medications in the United States. Clinical Social Work Journal, 48(4).
Roberts stresses the importance of reframing cannabis as a medication rather than a mere substance, emphasizing how language shapes public perception. The article argues against the DEA's classification of cannabis as a Schedule I drug, suggesting that this classification contributes to societal biases against its therapeutic potential. This work will support my argument advocating for medical cannabis as an alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals, shedding light on regulatory barriers that hinder its use.
4. Sarris, J., Sinclair, J., Karamocoska, D., Davidson, M., & Firth, J. (2020). Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders: A clinically-focused systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 1-14.
This systematic review highlights early trials demonstrating the effectiveness of cannabis for various psychiatric conditions, from PTSD to anxiety disorders. Despite noting that these findings are preliminary, the article provides statistical evidence supporting the argument for cannabis as a treatment option. It effectively complements opposing sources by delivering empirical findings, showcasing the need for further research to solidify cannabis's role in mental health care.
5. Stuyt, E., M.D. (2020). Calling marijuana “medical” makes it safe? No way! Missouri Medicine, 117(6).
Stuyt presents a heavily critical perspective on medical marijuana, linking legalization to increased ER visits and psychotic incidents. She relies on anecdotal evidence to advance her argument, which appears logically flawed and speculative. Although it contradicts my argument, it serves as a valuable foil that highlights the potential for miscommunication and fear in the medical marijuana discourse. This source can help illustrate arguments against cannabis by emphasizing the need for responsible communication of both positive and negative outcomes.
6. Vacaflor, B. E., Beauchet, O., Jarvis, E. G., Schavietto, A., & Rej, S. (2020). Mental health and cognition in older cannabis users: A review. Canadian Geriatrics Journal, 23(3).
The authors explore the cognition of older adults using medical cannabis, indicating a potential for cognitive decline associated with use. While advocating for the use of lower dosages, the writers present a balanced view that recognizes risks alongside benefits. This nuanced exploration can be instrumental in strengthening my argument by acknowledging valid concerns regarding cannabis use in older populations, promoting a more harmonic approach to discussing its therapeutic potential while recognizing potential risks.
7. Williams, L., Gallant, A., Rasmussen, S., Brown Nicholls, L., Cogan, N., Deakin, K., Young, D., & Flowers, P. (2020). Towards intervention development to increase the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among those at high risk. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4), 16p.
This source does not directly relate to medical cannabis but outlines intervention strategies in healthcare, paralleling the advocacy for cannabis legalization. It sheds light on behavioral change in public health and can help support frameworks for promoting cannabis acceptance among healthcare practitioners.
8. Parker, M., Bedford, H., Ussher, M., & Stead, M. (2021). Should COVID vaccination be mandatory for health and care staff? BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 374, n1903.
This article discusses the ethical implications and public health measures related to mandatory vaccinations, offering insights into public health policy. The exploration of healthcare ethics could serve as a parallel to arguments for broader acceptance of medical cannabis, emphasizing the intersection of pharmaceutical interventions and public health acceptance.
9. Centers for Disease Control. (January 12, 2022). Key Things to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines.
Although not directly related to cannabis, this document serves as a benchmark for discussing scientific evidence in public health and can serve as a comparison point in advocating for evidence-based support for medical cannabis.
10. Kostoff, R., Briggs, M., Porter, A., Spandidos, D., & Tsatsakis, A. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Safety. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46(5).
This article provides insights into vaccine safety, another component of public health discourse. While it does not relate directly to cannabis, its rigorous analysis offers a framework for understanding how scientific studies should protect public health and could thus provide methodological insights for cannabis studies.

References

- Habib, G. & Yaacobi, A. (2020). Sarcoidosis following treatment with medical cannabis. IMAJ, 22(5).
- Lashley, K., & Pollock, T. G. (2021). Waiting to inhale: Reducing stigma in the medical cannabis industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 65(2).
- Roberts, J. (2020). Medical cannabis in adult mental health settings: Reconstructing one of the most maligned medications in the United States. Clinical Social Work Journal, 48(4).
- Sarris, J., Sinclair, J., Karamocoska, D., Davidson, M., & Firth, J. (2020). Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders: A clinically-focused systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 1-14.
- Stuyt, E., M.D. (2020). Calling marijuana “medical” makes it safe? No way! Missouri Medicine, 117(6).
- Vacaflor, B. E., Beauchet, O., Jarvis, E. G., Schavietto, A., & Rej, S. (2020). Mental health and cognition in older cannabis users: A review. Canadian Geriatrics Journal, 23(3).
- Williams, L., Gallant, A., Rasmussen, S., Brown Nicholls, L., Cogan, N., Deakin, K., Young, D., & Flowers, P. (2020). Towards intervention development to increase the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among those at high risk. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4).
- Parker, M., Bedford, H., Ussher, M., & Stead, M. (2021). Should covid vaccination be mandatory for health and care staff? BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 374, n1903.
- Centers for Disease Control. (January 12, 2022). Key Things to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines.
- Kostoff, R., Briggs, M., Porter, A., Spandidos, D., & Tsatsakis, A. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Safety. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46(5).