Airline Operationsassignment Chapter 61 How Did The Trunk And Local S ✓ Solved

Airline Operations Assignment Chapter . How did the trunk and local-service carriers evolve? What was the role of the supplemental carriers? Discuss some of the problems faced by the industry in the three decades preceding deregulation. How did the deregulation movement get started?

2. Explain how the certificated airline industry has changed since deregulation in terms of expansion, consolidation, and concentration. Describe several innovations pioneered by the major air carriers in the early 1980s that radically changed the structure of the industry. 3. What is the main purpose of certification?

In the United States, what are the different types of certification? Explain the different phases. What is CSET? What is ATOS? 4.

Who is responsible for financial and traffic data collection within the Department of Transportation? Describe the role of this government bureau. What is the Interline Traffic Agreement—Passenger? What is the purpose of the Air Freight Procedures Agreement and the Small Package Shipment Agreement? Describe the Universal Air Travel Plan.

5. Highlight the industry’s performance, in terms of traffic and finances, during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1990s. Describe the cyclical nature of the airline industry in terms of profitability. What was the reason for the tremendous losses incurred during the early 2000s? What is the industry forecast for the future?

Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to provide the student an opportunity to explore the roles and competencies of the advanced practice nurse (APN). Activity Learning Outcomes Through this assignment, the student will demonstrate the ability to: 1. Examine roles and competencies of advanced practice nurses essential to performing as leaders and advocates of holistic, safe, and quality care. (CO. Explore the process of scholarship engagement to improve health and healthcare outcomes in various settings. (CO4) Due Date Assignment should be submitted to the Week 2 Roles in Advanced Practice Nursing dropbox by Sunday 11:59 p.m. MST at the end of Week 2.

When the assignment is placed in the dropbox, it will automatically be submitted to Turnitin. You may submit the assignment one additional time before the due date to lower the Turnitin score. If you choose to resubmit, the second submission will be considered final and subject to grading. Once the due date for the assignment passes, you may not resubmit to lower a Turnitin score. This assignment will follow the late assignment policy specified in the course syllabus.

Students are expected to submit assignments by the time they are due. Assignments submitted after the due date and time will receive a deduction of 10% of the total points possible for that assignment for each day the assignment is late. Assignments will be accepted, with penalty as described, up to a maximum of three days late, after which point a zero will be recorded for the assignment. In the event of a situation that prevents timely submission of an assignment, students may petition their instructor for a waiver of the late submission grade reduction. The instructor will review the student's rationale for the request and make a determination based on the merits of the student's appeal.

Consideration of the student's total course performance to date will be a contributing factor in the determination. Students should continue to attend class, actively participate, and complete other assignments while the appeal is pending. Total Points Possible: 150 Requirements 1. The  Roles in Advanced Nursing Practice paper  is worth 150 points and will be graded on the quality of the content, use of citations, use of Standard English grammar, sentence structure, and overall organization based on the required components as summarized in the directions and grading criteria/rubric. 2.

Submit the paper as a Microsoft Word Document, which is the required format at Chamberlain University. You are encouraged to use the APA Academic Writer and Grammarly tools when creating your assignment. 3. Follow the directions below and the grading criteria located in the rubric closely. Any questions about this paper may be posted under the Q & A Forum or emailed to your faculty.

4. The length of the paper should be 3-6 pages, excluding title page and reference page(s). 5. Support ideas with a minimum of 2 scholarly resources. Scholarly resources do not include your textbook.

You may need to use more than 2 scholarly resources to fully support your ideas. 6. You may use first person voice when describing your rationale for choosing the CNP role and your plans for clinical practice. 7. Current APA format is required with both a title page and reference page(s).

Use the following as Level 1 headings to denote the sections of your paper (Level 1 headings use upper- and lower-case letters and are bold and centered): · · Roles in Advanced Practice Nursing (This is the paper introduction. In APA format, a restatement of the paper title, centered and not bold serves as the heading of the introduction section) · Four APN Roles · Rationale for Choosing CNP Role · Plans for Clinical Practice · Role Transition · Conclusion Directions 1. Introduction : Provide an overview of what will be covered in the paper. Introduction should include general statements on advanced practice nursing roles, general statements on the role transition from RN to APN, and identification of the purpose of the paper.

2. Four APN Roles : Describe the role, educational preparation, and work environment for the four APN roles (CNP, CNS, CRNA & CNM). Provide support from at least one scholarly source. 3. Rationale for Choosing CNP Role : Describe your rationale for choosing the CNP advanced practice role versus one of the other roles.

4. Plans for Clinical Practice : Discuss your plans for clinical practice after graduation. Explain how your understanding of NP practice has changed after researching the four ANP roles. 5. Role Transition : Discuss your transition from the RN role to the NP role.

Describe two factors that may impact your transition. Discuss two strategies you will use to support a successful transition from the RN to your NP role. Provide reference support from at least one scholarly source. The textbook is not a scholarly source. 6.

Conclusion : Provide a conclusion, including a brief summary of what you discussed in the paper. ASSIGNMENT CONTENT Category Points % Description Introduction % Provides an overview of what will be covered in the paper. Introduction should include: 1. general statements on advanced practice nursing roles 2. general statements on the role transition from RN to APN 3. identification of the purpose of the paper. Four APN Roles % Describes the role, educational preparation, and work environment for the four APN roles 1. CNP 2.

CNS 3. CRNA 4. CNM Provides support from at least one scholarly source. Rationale for Choosing CNP Role % Describes the student’s rationale for choosing the CNP advanced practice role versus one of the other roles. Plans for Clinical Practice % Discusses the student’s plans for clinical practice after graduation.

Explains how student’s understanding of NP practice has changed after researching ANP roles. Role Transition % Discusses the student’s transition from the RN role to the NP role. 1. Describes two factors that may impact the transition. 2.

Discusses two strategies student will use to support a successful transition from the RN to your NP role. Provides reference support from at least one scholarly source. The textbook is not a scholarly source. Conclusion % Provides a conclusion, including a brief summary of what was discussed in the paper. % Total CONTENT Points= 134 points ASSIGNMENT FORMAT Category Points % Description APA Formatting % Formatting follows APA Manual (current edition) guidelines for 1. title page 2. body of paper (including citations and headings) 3. reference page Writing Mechanics % Writing mechanics Follow the rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, punctuation, and other aspects of formal written work as found in the current edition of the APA manual.

The length of the paper is at least 3 pages but no more than 6 pages. % Total FORMAT Points= 16 points % ASSIGNMENT TOTAL=150 points Rubric NR500NP_Week 2_ Roles in APN_Sept 19 NR500NP_Week 2_ Roles in APN_Sept 19 Criteria Ratings Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeIntroduction Provides an overview of what will be covered in the paper. Introduction should include 1) general statements on advanced practice nursing roles; 2) general statements on the role transition from RN to APN; and 3) identification of the purpose of the paper. 12 pts Excellent Presentation of information is comprehensive and includes all three requirements. 11 pts V. Good Presentation of information is superficial and includes all three requirements.

10 pts Satisfactory Presentation of information includes two requirements. 6 pts Needs Improvement Presentation of information includes one requirement. 0 pts Unsatisfactory No introduction provided or introduction does not address any of the requirements. 12 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeFour APN Roles Describes the role, educational preparation, and work environment for the four APN roles 1) CNP 2) CNS 3) CRNA 4) CNM Provides support from at least one scholarly source. 40 pts Excellent Presentation of information is comprehensive, includes all four roles, AND provides support from at least one scholarly source.

36 pts V. Good Presentation of information is superficial in places, includes some description of all four roles AND provides support from at least one scholarly source. 33 pts Satisfactory Presentation of information includes description of three roles AND Provides support from at least one scholarly source. 20 pts Needs Improvement Presentation of information includes description of three roles but does not provide support from at least one scholarly source. 0 pts Unsatisfactory Presentation of information includes description of two or fewer roles, with or without support from a scholarly source.

40 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeRationale for Choosing CNP Role Describes the student’s rationale for choosing the CNP advanced practice role versus one of the other roles. 15 pts Excellent Presentation of information is comprehensive 14 pts V. Good Presentation of information is satisfactory. 12 pts Satisfactory Presentation of information is superficial. 8 pts Needs Improvement Presentation of information is minimal.

0 pts Unsatisfactory Does not provide rationale for choosing CNP role. 15 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomePlans for Clinical Practice 1) Discusses the student’s plans for clinical practice after graduation. 2) Explains how student’s understanding of NP practice has changed after researching ANP roles. 15 pts Excellent Presentation of information is comprehensive and includes both requirements. 14 pts V.

Good Presentation of information is superficial and includes both requirements. 12 pts Satisfactory Presentation of information is minimal and includes both requirements. 8 pts Needs Improvement Presentation of information is missing one requirement. 0 pts Unsatisfactory Does not provide plans for clinical practice. 15 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeRole Transition Discusses the student’s transition from the RN role to the NP role.

1) Describes two factors that may impact the student’s transition. 2) Discusses two strategies student will use to support a successful transition from the RN to your NP role. Provides reference support from at least one scholarly source. 40 pts Excellent Presentation of information is comprehensive, includes both requirements, AND provides support from at least one scholarly source. 36 pts V.

Good Presentation of information is superficial in places, includes both requirements AND provides support from at least one scholarly source. 33 pts Satisfactory Presentation of information is minimal, includes both requirements, AND provides support from at least one scholarly source. 20 pts Needs Improvement Presentation of information includes only one of the requirements OR does not provide support from a scholarly source. 0 pts Unsatisfactory Presentation of information does not address role transition. 40 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeConclusion Provides a conclusion, including a brief summary of what was discussed in the paper.

12 pts Excellent Provides a conclusion, including a brief summary of what was discussed in the paper. 11 pts V. Good Conclusion superficial in places, provides a brief summary of what was discussed in the paper. 10 pts Satisfactory Conclusion provides a partial summary of what was discussed in the paper. 6 pts Needs Improvement Conclusion minimal, does not provide a summary of what was discussed in the paper.

0 pts Unsatisfactory No Conclusion provided. 12 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAPA Formatting Formatting follows current edition APA Manual guidelines for • title page • body of paper (including citations and headings) • reference page One deduction for each type of APA format error. 8 pts Excellent 0 to 1 APA error is present 7 pts V. Good 2–3 APA errors are present 6 pts Satisfactory 4–5 APA errors are present 4 pts Needs Improvement 6–7 APA errors are present 0 pts Unsatisfactory 8 or more APA errors are present 8 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting Mechanics Writing mechanics Follow the rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, punctuation, and other aspects of formal written work as found in the current edition of the APA manual 8 pts Excellent 1–2 errors or exceptions 7 pts V.

Good 3–4 errors or exceptions 6 pts Satisfactory 5–6 errors or exceptions OR the paper is less than 3 pages or greater than 6 pages 4 pts Needs Improvement 7–8 errors or exceptions 0 pts Unsatisfactory 9 or more errors or exceptions 8 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLate penalty deductions Students are expected to submit assignments by the time they are due. Assignments submitted after the due date and time will receive a deduction of 10% of the total points possible for that assignment for each day the assignment is late. Assignments will be accepted, with penalty as described, up to a maximum of three days late, after which point a zero will be recorded for the assignment. Quizzes and discussions are not considered assignments and are not part of the late assignment policy.

0 pts Manual Deductions 0 pts Manual Deductions 0 pts Total Points: 150 Previous Next Raul Cruz Broward College AVM/5/2021 The Challenges of using contractors in flight departments I. Introduction A. Thesis: The cost of hiring contractors is very high. There is a lot of time and effort required in ensuring alignment between the contractors and the airline’s operations such as booking. Most of the contractors do not work to promote the growth of the airline, but they work to offer their skills and experience to get paid.

Contractors in flight departments are their own bosses controlling their own schedules, thus leading to inefficiencies and ineffectiveness. II. Contractors are their own bosses A. Contractors control what they can do and how to run their schedules. The airline cannot use them to favor their changing schedules especially with the ever-changing environment in air travel.

III. Contractors do not come cheap A. Contractors negotiate their contract rates and since there are no employee benefits, their rates are high with most being paid daily and hourly. IV. Contractors work for their own profits and not to promote the growth of the airline.

A. come as skilled professionals to help the airline with its operations, therefore they do not work for long term benefits of the airline. V. Conclusion A. Contractors work for flight departments because they require extra manpower. There are many reasons why flight departments would hire contractors.

However, contactors are their own bosses in the departments therefore they control their own activities and schedules. a) They can take holidays when they wish, including other activities that may not favor the operations of the airline. b) Many contractors are paid in a daily rate which makes it difficult for the airline to track its costs. c) Contractors are not after working their way up the ladder to get promoted, rather they are after utilizing their skills to get paid. All these may cause a lack of efficiency and effectiveness in the flight departments.

Paper for above instructions

Introduction

The evolution of airline operations has been marked by significant changes, particularly in the structures, regulatory frameworks, and competitive landscapes. An examination of the trunk and local-service carriers, the role of supplemental carriers, the impact of deregulation, and the challenges faced by the industry reveals a complex narrative about how the airline industry has transformed over the decades. As of October 2023, various factors continue to shape the dynamics of airline operations, making it vital for stakeholders to understand these historical contexts and the resulting regulations and economic frameworks. This paper will explore these topics and analyze the changes within the certificated airline industry post-deregulation.

Evolution of Trunk and Local-Service Carriers

The trunk carriers originated as major national airlines, providing extensive services between primary cities. In contrast, local-service carriers emerged in the late 1940s as a result of the Federal Aviation Act, which aimed to enhance air travel options in under-served markets (Wensveen, 2016). Trunk carriers, such as American Airlines and United Airlines, expanded their networks through mergers and acquisitions, while local carriers, like Piedmont Airlines, catered to smaller airports and communities. The local carriers played a crucial role in expanding the reach of air travel, serving as feeders to trunk carriers and thus aiding in the overall expansion of the airline industry (Holloway, 2023).
Supplemental carriers emerged to fill gaps in service during peak seasons or special circumstances, such as charter flights and cargo transport (Graham, 2016). These carriers acted as a vital complement to the primary airline infrastructures, allowing both leisure and business travelers additional options. However, the three decades preceding deregulation were riddled with challenges. Price controls, restrictive entry barriers, and a lack of competition resulted in operational inefficiencies and limited expansion capabilities for airlines (Boeing, 2030).

Deregulation Movement

By the late 1970s, the movement towards deregulation began to gain momentum, culminating in the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. Advocates of deregulation highlighted the need for increased competition, lower fares, and improved services for consumers (Brueckner, 2020). As a result, the industry underwent a dramatic transformation, leading to the consolidation of airlines through mergers and acquisitions, with major carriers absorbing smaller ones to increase their market share (Graham, 2016).

Changes in the Certificated Airline Industry Since Deregulation

Post-deregulation, the certificated airline industry experienced notable changes in terms of expansion, consolidation, and concentration. The market became less dominated by a few large players, and new entrants began offering competitive services. Major airlines aggressively pursued mergers, such as the 2013 merger between American Airlines and US Airways, which aimed to create the world’s largest airline (Henry, 2019). This trend of consolidation continues to shape the competitive landscape within the industry, as fewer airlines control a more significant share of the market.
Furthermore, considerable innovations were introduced in the early 1980s. These included the development of yield management systems, which allowed airlines to optimize pricing strategies based on demand fluctuations, and the introduction of frequent flyer programs that fostered customer loyalty and competitive differentiation (Doganis, 2019). These innovations not only enhanced operational efficiencies but also fundamentally changed how airlines interacted with their customers.

Certification in the Airline Industry

The certification process is critical in maintaining safety and standards within the airline industry. The main purpose of certification is to ensure that airlines meet specific operational, safety, and financial standards before they can commence operations. In the United States, various types of certifications exist, with the most notable being 14 CFR Part 121 certification, which covers scheduled air carriers and other passenger and cargo operations.
Phases of certification involve the submission of operational and safety plans, compliance inspections, and demonstration of adherence to regulatory standards (Shaw, 2023). The Certification of Small Electric Transportation (CSET) and the Air Traffic Operations Standard (ATOS) are frameworks designed to ensure safety standards in airline operations and air traffic management. CSET focuses on the operation of small electric aircraft, while ATOS ensures traffic operations adhere to safety standards (FAA, 2022).

Role of the Department of Transportation

Within the United States Department of Transportation (DOT), the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) is responsible for collecting and analyzing financial and traffic data related to air transportation. The BTS plays an essential role in maintaining transparency in the airline industry by providing vital information that helps in policymaking and regulatory enforcement (Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2022).
Interline Traffic Agreements (ITAs) are vital for facilitating the seamless transfer of passengers and luggage between different carriers. The Air Freight Procedures Agreement and the Small Package Shipment Agreement provide frameworks for cargo operations among airlines, enhancing operational efficiencies (Air Transport Association, 2023). The Universal Air Travel Plan has further improved the efficiency of ticketing and baggage management across airline networks.

Performance of the Airline Industry

Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the airline industry's performance was marked by cyclical fluctuations due to economic recessions, oil crises, and increasing competition (Bowen & Headley, 2019). Despite growth during the 1980s and 90s, the early 2000s posed unprecedented challenges, particularly with the 9/11 attacks and the financial crisis, leading to significant losses. By 2008, the industry faced massive financial setbacks resulting in bankruptcies and significant operational cutbacks (Doganis, 2019). Experts warn of cyclical nature in the industry, indicating the risk of future economic downturns impacting profitability despite recovery trends.
Looking forward, the industry has begun to embrace sustainability initiatives, with investments in fuel-efficient technologies and practices that promote environmental stewardship. The increasing demand for air travel, global connectivity, and advancements in technology are set to define the future trajectory of the airline industry (International Air Transport Association, 2023).

Conclusion

The evolution of airline operations from trunk and local-service carriers to a complex and consolidated industry has been shaped by various factors, including deregulation, innovation, and the necessity for continuous compliance with certification standards. The industry has faced numerous challenges, yet it continues to adapt and respond to changing economic landscapes. Understanding this historical context is key to anticipating future developments and ensuring competitive advantage in the airline industry.

References

1. Boeing. (2030). Airline Financial Analysis. Seattle: Boeing Publishing.
2. Bowen, J. T., & Headley, D. E. (2019). The Economic Environment of Air Transportation. Journal of Airline Management, 15(2), 88-101.
3. Brueckner, J. K. (2020). Airline Deregulation and the Future of U.S. Aviation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 134, 18-27.
4. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. (2022). Data Overview. Retrieved from https://www.bts.gov.
5. Doganis, R. (2019). Flying Off Course: Airline Economics and Marketing. New York: Routledge.
6. FAA. (2022). CSET and ATOS Guidelines. Washington D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration.
7. Graham, A. (2016). Managing Airports: An International Perspective. London: Routledge.
8. Henry, J. (2019). Mergers in the Airline Industry: The American Airlines-US Airways Merger. Journal of Business Research, 101, 123-130.
9. Holloway, S. (2023). The Global Airline Industry. Routledge.
10. International Air Transport Association. (2023). Global Air Travel Trends. Retrieved from https://www.iata.org.