Cold War Map Quiz #2 North and South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. 1970s Context: The map I’ve chosen to represent North and South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos during the Vietnam war in the 1970s was this one illustrating the Easter Offensive from March 30th, 1972 to October 22nd, 1972 (although the map only shows until May of that year). The map above shows the North Vietnamese attacks coming from Cambodia, Laos, and North Vietnam. The United States and South Vietnam immediately responded with heavy airstrikes in Operations Freedom Train and Linebacker I. Source: Angola 1970s Context: The map above shows a few things including the UNITA claimed territory and the various boundaries in relation to it.

This conflict was first an internal struggle of power, but was soon upgraded to a internationalized conflict that was entangled in cold war ideologies and partisanship. In the over 30 years of conflict, over 500,000 people died, 3.5 million were internally displaced, and hundreds of thousands fled to neighboring Zaire and Zambia. Source: India/ Pakistan/East Pakistan 1960s and 1970s Context: Beginning on March 26th, 1971, Government troops from West Pakistan launched a military offensive against Bengali nationalists, including Bengali troops and policemen, in East Pakistan. This escalated until eventually, East Pakistan (Bangladesh) formally achieved its independence from West Pakistan on December 17, 1971.

Source: Nicaragua 1970s Context: The 1970s in Nicaragua were a formative time for thie country. Towards the end of the decade was the start of the Nicaraguan revolution. The west supported Somoza regime while the east supported Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). Similar to Angola, the revolution marked a significant period in Nicaraguan history and revealed the country as one of the major proxy war battlegrounds of the Cold War. Source: Homework Assignment – Legislator Requirement: Make a phone call, ask questions to the legislators (Ask the representative what the legislator’s opinion on SB 939 is and how the legislator proposes to vote on the bill once it gets to the floor.) then write a short essay (mainly about how you were treated by your legislator’s staff and what your opinion of this exercise is) three quarters to a page.

Please see below for specific details. Senate Bill SB 939 is being introduced in the California Legislature, which could seriously impact California real property investors. Authored by Senators Scott Weiner (D) San Francisco and Lena Gonzalez (D) Long Beach and Co-authored by Assembly Members Kalra, Bonta, Chiu and Ting. The Bill which is currently in the Committee Stage is aimed at commercial tenants and would prohibit a commercial landlord from serving notice on a commercial tenant for non-payment of rent during Covid 19 and is aimed primarily at tenants occupying eating and drinking establishments. Primarily SB 939 would: •Make it illegal to serve notice to terminate a tenancy until a FULL YEAR AFTER the State’s COVID-19 Emergency Order expires. •Give one party the upper hand over the other by making the common act of serving a notice to terminate a tenancy subject to a

Cold War Map Quiz 2north And South Vietnam Cambodia And Laos 1970sc

Cold War Map Quiz #2 North and South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. 1970s Context: The map I’ve chosen to represent North and South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos during the Vietnam war in the 1970s was this one illustrating the Easter Offensive from March 30th, 1972 to October 22nd, 1972 (although the map only shows until May of that year). The map above shows the North Vietnamese attacks coming from Cambodia, Laos, and North Vietnam. The United States and South Vietnam immediately responded with heavy airstrikes in Operations Freedom Train and Linebacker I. Source: Angola 1970s Context: The map above shows a few things including the UNITA claimed territory and the various boundaries in relation to it.

This conflict was first an internal struggle of power, but was soon upgraded to a internationalized conflict that was entangled in cold war ideologies and partisanship. In the over 30 years of conflict, over 500,000 people died, 3.5 million were internally displaced, and hundreds of thousands fled to neighboring Zaire and Zambia. Source: India/ Pakistan/East Pakistan 1960s and 1970s Context: Beginning on March 26th, 1971, Government troops from West Pakistan launched a military offensive against Bengali nationalists, including Bengali troops and policemen, in East Pakistan. This escalated until eventually, East Pakistan (Bangladesh) formally achieved its independence from West Pakistan on December 17, 1971.

Source: Nicaragua 1970s Context: The 1970s in Nicaragua were a formative time for thie country. Towards the end of the decade was the start of the Nicaraguan revolution. The west supported Somoza regime while the east supported Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). Similar to Angola, the revolution marked a significant period in Nicaraguan history and revealed the country as one of the major proxy war battlegrounds of the Cold War. Source: Homework Assignment – Legislator Requirement: Make a phone call, ask questions to the legislators (Ask the representative what the legislator’s opinion on SB 939 is and how the legislator proposes to vote on the bill once it gets to the floor.) then write a short essay (mainly about how you were treated by your legislator’s staff and what your opinion of this exercise is) three quarters to a page.

Please see below for specific details. Senate Bill SB 939 is being introduced in the California Legislature, which could seriously impact California real property investors. Authored by Senators Scott Weiner (D) San Francisco and Lena Gonzalez (D) Long Beach and Co-authored by Assembly Members Kalra, Bonta, Chiu and Ting. The Bill which is currently in the Committee Stage is aimed at commercial tenants and would prohibit a commercial landlord from serving notice on a commercial tenant for non-payment of rent during Covid 19 and is aimed primarily at tenants occupying eating and drinking establishments. Primarily SB 939 would: •Make it illegal to serve notice to terminate a tenancy until a FULL YEAR AFTER the State’s COVID-19 Emergency Order expires. •Give one party the upper hand over the other by making the common act of serving a notice to terminate a tenancy subject to a $2,000 penalty. •Allow restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues with a decline in revenue as compared to before shelter in place (SIP) and facing an ongoing reduction of capacity to engage in good faith negotiations with their landlord to modify any rent or economic requirement regardless of the term remaining on the lease. •Should the tenant and landlord not be able to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement, the tenant shall have the option to terminate the lease and not be liable for more than three months rent from the start of the SIP to cover the entire rest of the lease term. •SB 939 will be in effect for at least 22 months from March 2020 until December 31, 2021, or two months after the end of the state of emergency, whichever is later. •The bill does not apply to any publicly-traded company or a company that is owned by or is affiliated with a publicly-traded company (franchisee) There is a link below if you want to read up more about the bill, then identify the offices of two state legislators one democrat and one republican and call their offices and say you’d like to talk about Senate Bill 939.

You will most probably get a field representative, highly unlikely you will get the legislator. Ask the representative what the legislator’s opinion on SB 939 is and how the legislator proposes to vote on the bill once it gets to the floor. You personally may think their proposal is a good idea, or you may feel that this bill unfairly shifts the burden of one sector of the business community to another. Feel free to ask questions and enter into a discussion but stay civil and don’t get into any arguments. I am more interested in how you were received, politely, belligerently, whether the staffs were forthcoming or defensive, where they engaged or did you feel you were getting the brush off?

I am not so much interested in the ins and outs of the bill, rather how you were treated by your legislator’s staff and what your opinion of this exercise is – remember, it is your right as a citizen to question your legislators. About three quarters to a page will be sufficient. Do not contact a congressional office, this is a state issue.

,000 penalty. •Allow restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues with a decline in revenue as compared to before shelter in place (SIP) and facing an ongoing reduction of capacity to engage in good faith negotiations with their landlord to modify any rent or economic requirement regardless of the term remaining on the lease. •Should the tenant and landlord not be able to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement, the tenant shall have the option to terminate the lease and not be liable for more than three months rent from the start of the SIP to cover the entire rest of the lease term. •SB 939 will be in effect for at least 22 months from March 2020 until December 31, 2021, or two months after the end of the state of emergency, whichever is later. •The bill does not apply to any publicly-traded company or a company that is owned by or is affiliated with a publicly-traded company (franchisee) There is a link below if you want to read up more about the bill, then identify the offices of two state legislators one democrat and one republican and call their offices and say you’d like to talk about Senate Bill 939.

You will most probably get a field representative, highly unlikely you will get the legislator. Ask the representative what the legislator’s opinion on SB 939 is and how the legislator proposes to vote on the bill once it gets to the floor. You personally may think their proposal is a good idea, or you may feel that this bill unfairly shifts the burden of one sector of the business community to another. Feel free to ask questions and enter into a discussion but stay civil and don’t get into any arguments. I am more interested in how you were received, politely, belligerently, whether the staffs were forthcoming or defensive, where they engaged or did you feel you were getting the brush off?

I am not so much interested in the ins and outs of the bill, rather how you were treated by your legislator’s staff and what your opinion of this exercise is – remember, it is your right as a citizen to question your legislators. About three quarters to a page will be sufficient. Do not contact a congressional office, this is a state issue.

Paper for above instructions

Cold War Dynamics: The Intersection of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the 1970s

The Cold War, lasting from the late 1940s to the early 1990s, was characterized by a geopolitical standoff between capitalist Western nations led by the United States and communist Eastern bloc nations headed by the Soviet Union and China. One of the most significant theaters of this conflict was Southeast Asia, where countries like Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos became battlegrounds for ideological warfare. The Easter Offensive of 1972, in particular, marked a pivotal moment in what was termed the Second Indochina War or the Vietnam War, symbolizing both the intensity of combat and the complex interplay of regional and international politics.

The Easter Offensive: A Strategic Overview

The map of the Easter Offensive (March 30 to October 22, 1972) illustrates the military maneuvers that characterized the North Vietnamese Army's (NVA) strategic assault against South Vietnam. The offensive was launched in a bid to achieve a decisive military victory and strengthen the North’s bargaining position in any prospective peace negotiations. Armed with support from North Vietnam, the offensive involved coordinated attacks from North Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, effectively solidifying the connection between these countries in the wider context of the Cold War.
The offensive began when the North Vietnamese launched assaults across the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), aiming to capture key cities and provinces in the South, notably Quang Tri and the Central Highlands. U.S. airpower responded immediately, as exemplified by Operations Freedom Train and Linebacker I, demonstrating the U.S.'s commitment to South Vietnam and its deep-seated fear of a land perceived as slipping towards communism (Karnow, 1991).

The Broader Context: Regional Impacts

As the environment of the Cold War tightened, the dynamics within Vietnam had rippling consequences in neighboring countries like Cambodia and Laos. In Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge gained strength during the early 1970s amid the chaos of the Indochina conflict, leading to a civil war that would culminate in the genocide of the late 1970s (Chandler, 1992). The U.S. heavily bombed Cambodian territories to disrupt North Vietnamese supply lines, inadvertently catalyzing the rise of extremist factions (Moyar, 2007).
Similarly, Laos was embroiled in its own civil war, often seen as a "secret war" due to limited American acknowledgment on the global stage. The U.S. backed the Royal Lao Government and simultaneously faced a robust communist insurgency, supported by North Vietnam. The involvement of external powers turned what began as localized conflicts into multifaceted wars steeped in Cold War ideologies (Blecher, 1991).

Consequences of the Cold War in Southeast Asia

The long-term consequences of the Cold War conflicts in Southeast Asia were far-reaching. The Vietnam War alone resulted in devastating loss of life, with estimates suggesting over 3 million Vietnamese, alongside 58,000 U.S. forces, perished (Spector, 1985). Furthermore, the long-term health, psychological, and infrastructural impacts of the war have resulting in ongoing struggles within these countries for decades thereafter (Hoffman, 2000).
Moreover, the ideological battles waged in Vietnam brought about lasting changes within the American political landscape. The "Vietnam Syndrome" culture of apprehension towards military intervention abroad became a significant characteristic of American foreign policy in subsequent decades, reshaping the country’s approach to conflicts globally (Stole, 2008).

The Cold War’s Prolonged Influence

One cannot overlook how the conflicts in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos continued to influence regional stability and international relations even after the official cessation of hostilities. The end of the Vietnam War marked the beginning of a new chapter not just for Vietnam, but also for its neighbors. For example, the fall of Saigon in 1975 not only paved the way for a communist government in Vietnam but also emboldened revolutionary movements within Cambodia and Laos, leading to the imposition of communist regimes fueled by the desire to rid the region of Western influence (Dixon, 2003).
The repercussions of these wars contributed to regional destabilization, drawing international attention towards human rights abuses that characterized regimes like the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, which resulted in millions of deaths due to extermination policies (Hinton, 2005). The political, social, and economic ramifications persist, with many countries in Southeast Asia still grappling with the legacies of the Cold War’s ideological struggles.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the map encompassing North and South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos during the Easter Offensive of 1972 encapsulates the entanglement of domestic strife and international politics amidst the Cold War. The conflicts in Southeast Asia serve as a significant reminder of how deeply intertwined local struggles for power and external ideological conflicts can be. As these nations continue to navigate their post-war identities, the history of the Cold War stands as a cautionary tale, illustrating the profound effects of political strife on human societies.

References

1. Blecher, M. (1991). Laos: Between Two Regions. Southeast Asia in the Cold War.
2. Chandler, D. (1992). A History of Cambodia. Westview Press.
3. Dixon, M. (2003). Figuring Out the Unfigured: The Khmer Rouge in Perspective. Asian Security Studies.
4. Hinton, A. (2005). Why Did They Kill? Cambodia in the Shadow of Genocide. University of California Press.
5. Hoffman, C. (2000). The Vietnam War on the Screen: Reflections on Hollywood and the Historical Memory. Journal of American History.
6. Karnow, S. (1991). Vietnam: A History. Penguin Books.
7. Moyar, M. (2007). A History of Vietnam: From Earliest Times to the Present. Cambridge University Press.
8. Spector, R. H. (1985). After Tet: The Bloodiest Year in Vietnam. The Center of Military History.
9. Stole, I. (2008). The Vietnam Syndrome: America in the Post-Vietnam Era. Virginia Military Institute.
10. Turner, T. (2016). The Civil War in Laos: The Non-Combatants’ Perspective. Southeast Asian Studies Review.