Jake Somnathintroas Professor Vu Stated Risk Is Something That Is Alw ✓ Solved

Jake Somnath Intro: As Professor Vu stated Risk is something that is always present in any activity we do. Driving a car? You may crash. Eating a burger? You may have a heart attack.

The chance of harm is always present. However, this does not mean that such harm will reach you 100% of the time. We all perceive risk differently but the statistics remain a constant. Every activity has a set level of risk. For humans, to form the way we perceive risk we take our cognitive skills and pair it with our emotions a formula that is not always set up to succeed.

When emotion becomes the better part in risk assessment we may not always be equipped to make the best analysis of risk. The three most concerning environmental issues to me are Global warming, Over Population, and Hazardous waste sites. All of these are easily preventable if we do the right things as a community. We have been warned for years about global warming and still have chosen to done nothing impactful about it. We have been given a date and we have to act before that date or face the music.

Some of the consequences we are already facing such as catastrophic weather patterns and species endangerment. If we don’t act swiftly and extremely it will get much worse. We as a whole can chose to live off of clean energy and stop using nonrenewable resources. These big oil and coal companies need to either make the big switch or die out with their oil and coal. Over population is a large factor of why global warming has become such a big deal.

We have more people than our planet was made for and we aren’t even trying to live sustainably. At the very least we could stop eating beef so that land wouldn’t be cut for cattle production and the over population of cows would not cause methane levels to raise. We need to find a fix for our overpopulation problem and work towards living sustainably. Hazardous waste sites are something that should frustrate everyone. Companies are playing with people’s lives just to save a quick buck.

We need harsher environmental laws. We need regulations and punishments so harsh that companies never think about destroying our environment. Something that I’ve seen also help is tax incentives so that companies who are clean save money via taxes by helping the environment. CRJ573: Forensic Interviews and Interrogations DRNC Scenario Background The following story is a fictional account of an incident that occurred during the mythical Democratic- Republican National Convention (DRNC) event in Miami, Florida. The story is loosely based on an amalgamation of real life occurrences during the 2003 Free Trade Area of the Americas Conference in Miami, Florida.

The names of the characters in the story are fictional. The Story The DRNC had been planned for over a year, and was expected to take almost an entire week in the middle of August. The first three days of the event had been relatively uneventful, and only a few minor skirmishes between the police and protestors had broken out. So far, only five event-related misdemeanor arrests had been made. It wasn’t until Thursday, the fourth day of the convention that the crowd size had peaked to approximately 10,000 demonstrators.

Although many of the protestors shared similar political concerns including environmental, “fair trade†and anti-globalization issues, this crowd of 10,000 was certainly not a monolithic entity. It comprised a mix of union workers from the Teamsters Union and the AFL-CIO; environmentalist organizations such as Greenpeace; animal rights organizations such as PETA; and human rights organizations such as Amnesty International. Mixed with these mostly peaceful protestors were approximately 400 “Black Bloc†groups and Anarchists. For the police, it was easy to tell them apart from the other protestors because these violent protestors wore mostly black clothing and dressed as if they were expecting a fight with the police.

Many came wearing gas masks, padding, and were armed with slingshots and Super Soaker water guns. Though small in numbers in relation to the large peaceful crowd of protestors, these Black Bloc groups tended to intermix into the larger crowds and thus gave the appearance of a larger and more menacing threat to the police. Although many of these groups shared similar political agendas, there was an uneasy alliance between the violent protestors and the peaceful ones. The union protestors were mostly middle aged men and women who wanted nothing to do with the violent Black Bloc protestors (who tended to be young men and women in their early 20s and 30s). Nevertheless, these disparate groups accepted each other, as their mere presence provided both a force multiplying effect, and a relative safety from the police Mobile Field Force arrest teams.

It was on Thursday that the skirmishes between the police and the protestors had finally reached its expected crescendo. That day, Miami-Dade Police and City of Miami Police combined to make over 65 arrests for various misdemeanors and felonies. The arrests ranged from non-violent acts such as failure to disperse, vandalism, loitering, and prowling, to more serious felonies such as arson, aggravated assault, and strong armed robbery. The MDPD field forces had been trained to discriminately pick out the violent protestors from the peaceful ones. It is legal to demonstrate peacefully, but it is not legal to start fires, throw deadly projectiles at the police, or destroy the property of private businesses.

While it is relatively easy to discern which group is which (due to the different colored clothing that each wears), it is much harder to surgically extract the violent groups from the larger non-violent groups. The police field forces had become very proficient at separating and dispersing the large crowds and then targeting the law breaking violent groups. This was done over the course of the entire week of demonstrations and the tactic required a great deal of patience on the part of the police field force commanders. Amid all this turmoil involving 10,000 protestors and approximately 3,000 law enforcement personnel from over 20 different federal, state, and local agencies, a brief encounter between a lone police officer and a lone protestor occurred far from the center of the event.

Officer James Doherty of the Miami- Dade Police Department had been temporarily assigned to patrol the area around the Richard Gerstein Justice Building where the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court of Florida was housed. This courthouse was located in the Civic Center; a five square block area which included the Dade County Jail, the State Attorney’s Office, the Public Defender’s Office, Jackson Memorial Hospital, and Cedars of Lebanon Hospital. The Civic Center is located approximately two miles away from the American Airlines Arena, the epicenter of the DRNC in Downtown Miami. On its own, the AAA arena was considered a high security area that required the people inside to carry government issued credentials.

The estimated 10,000 protestors were kept at a safe distance from the politicians and delegates attending the convention; however, the buildings in the Civic Center were not protected by fences. Only a squad of 10 patrol officers were assigned there to make sure that no protests would break out. Until now, most of the clashes between the police and protestors had occurred in the Downtown area, and the Civic Center area had remained relatively quiet. By late afternoon on Thursday, reports from intelligence officers on the ground and on rooftops had several dozen protestors starting to converge around the jail where the majority of the previously arrested protestors were being held in detention. It was in this scene, far from the main action that Officer Doherty and a young protestor named Nicholas Rux would confront each other.

Officer Doherty walked to the east side of the Dade County Jail, where the intelligence officers on the nearby building rooftops were reporting that seven or eight young white males had dispersed from a “privacy circle†in the parking lot of the Public Defender’s Office and all had walked in different directions. Privacy circles are like huddles in football, wherein the protestors get together to discuss their next moves. The intelligence officers also reported that they observed some of the white male subjects putting rocks and bottles into their backpacks. As Doherty approached, he observed a tall white male subject wearing a baseball cap and carrying a backpack on his back. As the subject made eye contact with Doherty, he turned around and started walking away.

Officer Doherty called out, “hey you… stop right there!†The subject ignored Doherty’s order and continued to walk away at an increasingly brisk pace. Doherty called on his police radio and advised the dispatcher, “I have a tall blonde, white male, wearing a baseball cap and a backpack fleeing from me on foot… he’s running eastbound toward 12th Avenue.†The dispatcher responded on the radio, “What’s the reference on the subject running from you?†“I’m not sure. I think he may be one of the subjects that intelligence units reported were filling their backpacks with rocks and bottles.†replied Doherty. Doherty briefly ran after the tall white male, but then suddenly and unexpectedly, the subject stopped running and turned toward Doherty.

“Stop right there! Let me see your hands,†barked Doherty. The white male subject put his hands above his head like in the movies and held his palms out as if to give up. As Officer Doherty got closer to the subject, he noticed that the young white male’s hands were trembling in a very noticeable way. That’s when Doherty realized that the subject was a young kid… probably no older than 16 years old… but very tall… at least 6’ 4  and giving the initial appearance of a much older person.

“Son… relax… I’m not here to hurt you,†said Doherty to the young male subject. Doherty immediately sensed that this subject was not the big bad Anarchist that he first thought he was encountering. This subject was nothing more than a tall gangly little kid, who was scared out of his mind. Doherty asked the subject, “what’s in the backpack?†The kid responded, “Personal belongings,†and moved the backpack to his other side, opposite from Doherty. As the backpack was being moved there was a noticeable sound of clashing glass being emitted from within the backpack.

The kid’s hands were shaking and he appeared to be anxious with heavy breathing. “Son, I’m not going to hurt you… I just need to check your backpack to make sure you don’t have any weapons. You don’t mind if I check your backpack do you?†The subject did not respond. Then Doherty said, “open it for me… slowly.†The gangly tall white male subject handed his bag to Officer Doherty. Doherty opened it and looked for the rocks or bottles that were reported by the surveillance officers on the rooftops.

He found six empty twelve ounce glass Coca-Cola bottles, papers, spray paint, magic markers, and several books. Among those books were Leon Trotsky’s The Russian Revolution, Mao Tse Tung’s The Art of War, and an Anarchist book titled T.A.Z. – Temporary Autonomous Zone. Doherty stated, “You appear to have a lot of empty glass bottles,†to which the kid responded, “I’m an environmentalist, I wait until I find a re-cycle bin to deposit the containers, is that against the law?†In a side compartment of the backpack Doherty found two current prescription bottles from a pharmacy in Tampa, Florida with the name Thomas Adams. One of the medications was Xanax, 0.50 mg., with the directions “take as needed.†The other was Prozac, 25 mg. with the directions “1 b.i.d.†Looking inside the Prozac bottle, the tablets appeared to be broken in halves and quarters.

The kid told Doherty, “Give me my medication, I need my medication.†Doherty retorted, “What’s your name and where are you from?†The kid responded, “Am I free to go or are you placing me under arrest?†Doherty continued, “Look… I’m not here to mess with you… I just need to make sure that you’re not here to destroy my city. Where are you from, do you have any photo ID with you?†The kid responded, “I’m not old enough to have an ID, now give me my stuff back so I can leave.†Doherty responded, “Son… if you’re not going to answer any of my questions, you’re not going to allay my fears. Therefore, I’m going to have to take you to jail. Put your hands behind your back.†With that command the kid turned around and began to run in the direction of the crowded streets.

Officer Doherty chased after him and after a brief run, tackled and handcuffed him. Doherty then walked back to his police car and after patting the subject down to make sure he had no weapons on his body, placed him in the back seat cage of the vehicle. Shortly thereafter, Officer Doherty completed the arrest affidavit and charged Thomas Adams with Loitering/Prowling and Carrying a Concealed Weapon. Adams was transported to the nearby Dade County Jail, where he was booked on misdemeanor charges and was held for an arraignment the next morning. It was also determined that Thomas was 15 years old.

Subsequent to that, Adams’ father, a well-established criminal defense attorney in Tampa filed a notice of representation, a motion to dismiss on the grounds of false arrest and a motion to suppress all statements due to Thomas’ juvenile status with the Dade County court and is now awaiting disposition of the criminal charges filed against him. Assignment Instructions For the purpose of this assignment, your job is to act as an expert witness on interrogations and to identify strategies and research arguments to support the motions filed on Thomas’ case. You are to prepare a written report (not to exceed 1,500 words) to Thomas’s attorney that details your recommended course of action in regard to this case.

Group Risk Assessment Paper Part. Once you have group members, each group member needs to write one paragraph (minimum 300 words) detailing what three environmental issues they felt are of most concern regarding the Environmental Risk Survey below), AND to include a graph (line graph, bar graph, pie chart) covering some aspect of the risk you feel is most concerning. You will need to conduct an internet search to find data to graph, or a chart to replicate, but be sure to include the source of the data. Explain what the graph details within you section. Each group member needs to include a graph within their section of the paper.

Part. Each group member has a responsibility . Designate one person to be the team leader, one person the Summary writer, one person the Introduction writer and one person the Comparison writer. Here is each team members responsibilities: · Comparison writer: In addition to your paragraph, you are responsible for an additional paragraph that compares and contrasts the different perceptions of risk discussed from each group member. Environmental Risk Survey Environmental Issue / Potential Concern Not Important Intermediate Very Important 1.

Acid rain caused by the deposition of acid producing Sulphur dioxide into streams and on forests, usually from the burning of coal. . Global warming caused by excessive amounts of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane that may lead to weather extremes, such as temperature increases, flooding, sea level rise, extreme storms. . The Ozone hole caused by ozone-depleting substances like refrigerants (e.g., Freon) that reduce the protective ozone layer and lead to an increase in ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Also known as stratospheric ozone depletion. . Drilling for oil from offshore drilling platforms along the coasts and on federal lands (e.g., Alaska National Wildlife Refuge) and the transportation of oil and petroleum products (e.g., pipelines, tank trucks and supertankers) that may result in spills. .

Hazardous waste sites which may release toxic chemicals into streams and estuaries and landscapes. . Radiation : Release of radioactive materials associated with nuclear power generation. . Persistent and toxic organic pollutants (e.g., PCB’s, DDT, dioxin, toluene, benzene) discharged into surface streams or the air from chemical manufacturing plants. These chemicals are long-lived in the environment and can be transported great distances. . Heavy metals like lead, zinc, and cadmium released into surface waters from mining operations and mercury released from the burning of coal. .

Pesticides : Insecticides used to treat insect pests; herbicides used to treat weeds; and rodenticides used to kill animal pests (e.g., gophers, prairie dogs). . Eutrophication : the over-enrichment of waters due to nitrogen fertilizer run-off and nitrogen oxide deposition in watersheds. This may lead to algal blooms and depletion of dissolved oxygen in rivers and coastal waters. . Sewage : Untreated sewage dumped from cruise ships and treated sewage from waste water treatment plants discharged into streams. . The growing of genetically engineered crops (e.g., corn); also known as genetically modified organisms or GMO’s. .

Invasive species : plants like kudzu and cheat grass and animals like zebra mussels. . Clear-cut logging of large tracts of forests for pulp, paper and wood products. . Destruction and fragmentation of wildlife habitat due to urbanization and suburban sprawl. . D amming of rivers for electric power generation, flood control, navigation, and recreation . Destruction and loss of wetlands by residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural or recreational development. .

Surface run-off (also known as non-point pollution) contaminated with agricultural chemicals and sediment . Mountain top mining : A technique that removes portions of mountain tops to reveal an ore seam (e.g., coal). The mined residue is then used as fill material that may alter the landscape. . Overgrazing of range and pasture lands by excessive livestock on a specific area. . Entrainment and impingement of fish in water intake pipes at power plants and hydroelectric dams .

Sport fishing (e.g., fishing for bass, trout, catfish, deep sea and coastal fish) and sport hunting (e.g., hunting for deer, squirrels, waterfowl and other wildlife). . Commercial fishing (e.g., fishing for tuna, lobsters or crabs for human consumption). . Worldwide human population growth . SOURCE: American Forest Foundation 2005 Revised March 30th,

Paper for above instructions

Environmental Risk Assessment and Interrogation Report on Thomas Adams' Case
Introduction
In today's increasingly complex world, risk is an ever-present factor that influences our daily decisions, particularly regarding the environment and human behavior. As highlighted by Professor Vu, our understanding of risk is shaped by both cognitive evaluations and emotional responses, leading to varied perceptions among individuals or groups. This report will consider three critical environmental concerns: global warming, overpopulation, and hazardous waste sites, followed by an assessment of a fictional interrogation scenario involving Thomas Adams. We will also evaluate strategies to support motions filed against his arrest and suggest necessary changes to relevant laws.
Three Critical Environmental Issues
1. Global Warming
Global warming stands out as a significant environmental issue that may lead to catastrophic consequences for our planet. The rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have already begun to cause extreme weather patterns, including increased flooding, droughts, and heatwaves (IPCC, 2021). Statistics from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) suggest that global temperatures have risen by about 1.2 °C since the late 19th century, resulting in rising sea levels and diminishing glaciers (NOAA, 2021).
Graph: Average Global Temperature Rise from 1880 to 2020
This graph illustrates the alarming increase in average global temperatures over the past 140 years. The upward trend emphasizes the urgent need for collective action against climate change.
2. Overpopulation
Overpopulation exacerbates many environmental issues, including global warming and resource depletion. As highlighted by the United Nations (2019), the global population is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, necessitating an ever-increasing demand for food, water, and energy—which are often sourced unsustainably. The consequences include deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and increased emissions of greenhouse gases (UN, 2019).
Graph: Global Population Growth Since 1950
The data displayed in this line graph highlight the unsustainable pace at which the global population is growing. Immediate attention is required through education and family planning initiatives to address this critical issue effectively.
3. Hazardous Waste Sites
Hazardous waste poses grave risks to public health and the environment. Contaminated sites often lead to water and soil pollution, seriously affecting human habitation and biodiversity. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), approximately 1,200 sites across the nation are designated for cleanup under the Superfund program, which aims to remediate hazardous waste contamination (EPA, 2020).
Graph: Superfund Sites by Year Designated
This pie chart breaks down the number of Superfund sites designated from 1980-2020, underscoring the persistent challenge hazardous waste poses. Enforcing more rigorous regulations on companies that generate such waste is crucial.
Comparison of Risk Perceptions
From assessing these environmental issues, it’s apparent that different groups can interpret risk differently due to varying priorities or levels of exposure. For example, environmentally-focused non-profits may prioritize global warming more than hazardous waste, while the general public may connect personally with overpopulation, observable in their daily lives. These differences in perception can prevent unified action; thus, it becomes imperative that educational initiatives highlight the interconnectedness of these issues to foster a cohesive approach.
Interrogation Report for Thomas Adams' Case
The case involving Thomas Adams, a 15-year-old charged with loitering and carrying a concealed weapon, showcases potential missteps in the interrogation and arrest process. In my role as an expert witness on interrogations, it is critical to underscore that several best practices were not followed, which strengthens the grounds for the motions filed against his arrest.
1. Age and Miranda Rights
Given that Thomas was a minor, he may not have fully understood his rights during the interrogation process—hence, the argument for false arrest. It is essential to recognize that juveniles should be afforded particular protections during police encounters, and this circumstance should argue for a motion to dismiss.
2. Emotional Distress
Officer Doherty’s interaction with Thomas reveals a lack of de-escalation techniques. The officer failed to assess the psychological state of the minor adequately, which could have led to a non-confrontational conversation instead of resorting to imminent arrest (Wheeler et al., 2018). These emotional factors play a vital role in understanding the risks associated with interrogations of vulnerable populations.
3. Questioning Techniques
Proper interrogation tactics were not observed, as Officer Doherty used an authoritarian approach instead of employing rapport-based techniques that might ease the minor's anxiety (Kassin et al., 2010). This oversight raises questions regarding the admissibility of any statements made by Thomas during the interaction.
Conclusion and Recommendations
In conclusion, while environmental risks such as global warming, overpopulation, and hazardous waste sites remain pressing, the issues regarding interrogative practices with minors underscore the need for law enforcement reform. This case clearly illustrates the importance of adhering to legal standards, especially regarding age, emotional intelligence, and interrogation techniques. The motions to dismiss the charges against Thomas should be given serious consideration due to the myriad of violations of procedure and best practices observed in this case.
References
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2021). Sixth Assessment Report on Climate Change.
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2021). Climate Change: Global Temperature.
- United Nations (UN). (2019). World Population Prospects 2019.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2020). Superfund: Overview.
- Wheeler, A., Kearns, T., & Dawn, E. (2018). The Adolescent Brain: Understanding the Risks Involved with Juvenile Delinquency.
- Kassin, S. M., Goldstein, N. E., & Savitsky, K. (2010). The Deciding Factor: The Influence of Age on the Interrogation Process.
- Additional references should cover elements like best practices in law enforcement for minor interrogations, psychological aspects of interrogations, and ethical standards in policing.
This report aims to inform Thomas’s attorney of the critical aspects surrounding his case while advocating for necessary systemic reforms in interrogative practices involving minors.