Katelin What is torture? Torture can be both physically and mentally define as being forced to maintain in a pain stressful position. Torture often is used for obtaining information, confession, or a piece of third person information. As a result, it highly leads to Psychology problems due to the amount of torture. Is Torture legal?

Although torture is not permitted anywhere, it is still being dealt with but, it is a violation of international law. In 1984, a convention was taken place on torture and cruel emphasizing treatment (CID). It had resulted in a treaty signed by 74 countries, including the United States. Although, the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution rules the government from using cruel and unusual punishment. In your opinion, is torture an effective method in eliciting accurate information from anyone?

Why or why not? In my opinion, torture is not an effective method in eliciting accurate information due to mentally, emotionally, and physical harm. Citizens have their right in privacy so, they should not have to be torture for giving up information, confessions, or third-party information. When a citizen is under the pressure of being tortured, it is possible that they may mislead wrong information by mistake, which reflects to as a guilt person instead of innocent. Even so when the person is honest, why are they being tortured?

Once they’re done being torture, they will not have the same mindset as before, which will result in psychological issues. I believe citizens should have the correct method into obtaining the right information from citizens instead of torture, which they say is the proper way but. What is the Patriot Act? Which part of it do you like/dislike? Why?

Patriot Act has been active since 9/11, which is government surveillance; it has openly allowed law enforcement to gather private information. This method controls terrorism, and such has kept records of text messages, calls, and social media. However, I do like the part where do keep track of any treatments such as terrorism proving our safety and protection. Can the U.S. government torture foreigners abroad? If so, cite the law/s which allows it to do so Neither international and US citizens should not be tortured based on their nationality.

The U.S. government does not have the authority to torture foreigners since it is illegal How would you deal with a situation in which you are being tortured for the information you may or may not have? In all honesty, if I were in a situation of being tortured into giving up information or confess I would not know how to react in this type of situation but, I would use best in knowledge with every action that is being taken. I’ll try my best to get out of the situation. However, I would try not to make a mistake, which would lead me to get killed. Overall, I can not imagine such violence in being torture as suppose to Donald Trump stating he would want the pain to be more aggressive.

Donna A. Torture is the action or practice of inflicting pain on someone as a punishment or to force them to do or say something, or for the pleasure of the person inflicting the pain. Torture is something you don’t normally see today. However, back in the day torture was a method of obtaining useful information from individuals. B.

No, torture is not legal. Torture is illegal under both the United States law and international law. In fact, President Obama issued an executive order strengthening the ban on torture and limiting interrogators to the tactics in the Army Field Manual. However, President Trump considers that torture should be legal, specifically for terrorists. C.

In my opinion, torture isn't an effective way in eliciting accurate information from someone because I don't believe in violence as à‚ the gathering information method. with using torture as a method in gathering accurate information, misinterpretation could occur because the person being tortured wouldn't be able to pronounce their words clearly due to the fact that they are in so much pain. Citizens also have their right in privacy so, they shouldn’t have to be tortured for giving up information, confessions, or third party information. Additionally, when under pressured the person could be viewed as a guilty person when in reality they’re innocent. Innocent til proven guilty. I believe the right way to obtain information is, honestly through communication.

D. The Patriot Act is an act that was passed by Congress as a response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It was signed by President George W. Bush. I would say I like most of the parts of the act because it allows investigators to use tools that were already available to investigate organized crimes and drug trafficking, allows law enforcement to use surveillance against more crimes of terror, allows federal agents to follow sophisticated terrorist trained to evade detection, allows law enforcement to conduct investigations without tipping off terrorists, and allows federal agents to ask court for an order to obtain business record in National Security terrorism cases.

The act also controls terrorism, kept records of text messages, calls, and social media. E. No, the United States government cannot torture foreigners abroad because it torture and abusive interrogation tactics are illegal under both United States law and international law. All applicable international law applies to the United States officials operating abroad, including the COnvention against Torture and the Geneva Conventions. F.

Since I am a sensitive person who doesn’t like to show it very much, I would probably cry while being tortured for information. But since I don’t have a lot of information for people, I would try my best to tell them the truth, that I just don’t have the information they are looking for. Communication is key, and violence isn’t the answer to finding out things. However, it also depends on the situation that I am in, did I get sentenced for something I did or was I falsely accused of something? Chapter 5 The Time Value of Money 5- ‹#› Topics Covered 5.1 Future Values and Compound Interest 5.2 Present Values 5.3 Multiple Cash Flows 5.4 Reducing the Chore of the Calculations (1) 5.5 Level Cash Flows: Perpetuities and Annuities 5.6 Reducing the Chore of the Calculations (2) 5.7 Effective Annual Interest Rates 5.8 Inflation & The Time Value of Money 5- ‹#› 2 Future Values Future Value Amount to which an investment will grow after earning interest Compound Interest Interest earned on interest Simple Interest Interest earned only on the original investment 5- ‹#› 3 Future Values $ $ $ Example - Simple Interest Interest earned at a rate of 6% for five years on a principal balance of $- ‹#› 5 Future Values Today Future Years Interest Earned Value Example - Simple Interest Interest earned at a rate of 6% for five years on a principal balance of $- ‹#› 12 Future Values Example - Compound Interest Interest earned at a rate of 6% for five years on the previous year’s balance 5- ‹#› 14 Future Values Today Future Years Interest Earned 6 6.36 6.74 7.15 7.57 Value ....82 Example - Compound Interest Interest earned at a rate of 6% for five years on the previous year’s balance 5- ‹#› 12 Future Values Future Value of 0 = FV 5- ‹#› 21 Future Values = 3.82 Example - FV What is the future value of 0 if interest is compounded annually at a rate of 6% for five years?

5- ‹#› 23 Future Values with Compounding 5- ‹#› 24 Manhattan Island Sale Note: The value of Manhattan Island land is well below this figure Peter Minuit bought Manhattan Island for in 1626. Was this a good deal? To answer, determine what is worth in the year 2014, compounded at 8% 5- ‹#› Present Values Discount Rate Interest rate used to compute present values of future cash flows Present Value Value today of a future cash flow Discount Factor Present value of a future payment 5- ‹#› 31 Present Values Present Value 5- ‹#› 32 Present Values Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Method of calculating present value by discounting future cash flows. 5- ‹#› 34 Future cash flow Present value Present Values

Katelinwhat Is Torture Torture Can Be Both Physically And Mentally De

Katelin What is torture? Torture can be both physically and mentally define as being forced to maintain in a pain stressful position. Torture often is used for obtaining information, confession, or a piece of third person information. As a result, it highly leads to Psychology problems due to the amount of torture. Is Torture legal?

Although torture is not permitted anywhere, it is still being dealt with but, it is a violation of international law. In 1984, a convention was taken place on torture and cruel emphasizing treatment (CID). It had resulted in a treaty signed by 74 countries, including the United States. Although, the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution rules the government from using cruel and unusual punishment. In your opinion, is torture an effective method in eliciting accurate information from anyone?

Why or why not? In my opinion, torture is not an effective method in eliciting accurate information due to mentally, emotionally, and physical harm. Citizens have their right in privacy so, they should not have to be torture for giving up information, confessions, or third-party information. When a citizen is under the pressure of being tortured, it is possible that they may mislead wrong information by mistake, which reflects to as a guilt person instead of innocent. Even so when the person is honest, why are they being tortured?

Once they’re done being torture, they will not have the same mindset as before, which will result in psychological issues. I believe citizens should have the correct method into obtaining the right information from citizens instead of torture, which they say is the proper way but. What is the Patriot Act? Which part of it do you like/dislike? Why?

Patriot Act has been active since 9/11, which is government surveillance; it has openly allowed law enforcement to gather private information. This method controls terrorism, and such has kept records of text messages, calls, and social media. However, I do like the part where do keep track of any treatments such as terrorism proving our safety and protection. Can the U.S. government torture foreigners abroad? If so, cite the law/s which allows it to do so Neither international and US citizens should not be tortured based on their nationality.

The U.S. government does not have the authority to torture foreigners since it is illegal How would you deal with a situation in which you are being tortured for the information you may or may not have? In all honesty, if I were in a situation of being tortured into giving up information or confess I would not know how to react in this type of situation but, I would use best in knowledge with every action that is being taken. I’ll try my best to get out of the situation. However, I would try not to make a mistake, which would lead me to get killed. Overall, I can not imagine such violence in being torture as suppose to Donald Trump stating he would want the pain to be more aggressive.

Donna A. Torture is the action or practice of inflicting pain on someone as a punishment or to force them to do or say something, or for the pleasure of the person inflicting the pain. Torture is something you don’t normally see today. However, back in the day torture was a method of obtaining useful information from individuals. B.

No, torture is not legal. Torture is illegal under both the United States law and international law. In fact, President Obama issued an executive order strengthening the ban on torture and limiting interrogators to the tactics in the Army Field Manual. However, President Trump considers that torture should be legal, specifically for terrorists. C.

In my opinion, torture isn't an effective way in eliciting accurate information from someone because I don't believe in violence as à‚ the gathering information method. with using torture as a method in gathering accurate information, misinterpretation could occur because the person being tortured wouldn't be able to pronounce their words clearly due to the fact that they are in so much pain. Citizens also have their right in privacy so, they shouldn’t have to be tortured for giving up information, confessions, or third party information. Additionally, when under pressured the person could be viewed as a guilty person when in reality they’re innocent. Innocent til proven guilty. I believe the right way to obtain information is, honestly through communication.

D. The Patriot Act is an act that was passed by Congress as a response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It was signed by President George W. Bush. I would say I like most of the parts of the act because it allows investigators to use tools that were already available to investigate organized crimes and drug trafficking, allows law enforcement to use surveillance against more crimes of terror, allows federal agents to follow sophisticated terrorist trained to evade detection, allows law enforcement to conduct investigations without tipping off terrorists, and allows federal agents to ask court for an order to obtain business record in National Security terrorism cases.

The act also controls terrorism, kept records of text messages, calls, and social media. E. No, the United States government cannot torture foreigners abroad because it torture and abusive interrogation tactics are illegal under both United States law and international law. All applicable international law applies to the United States officials operating abroad, including the COnvention against Torture and the Geneva Conventions. F.

Since I am a sensitive person who doesn’t like to show it very much, I would probably cry while being tortured for information. But since I don’t have a lot of information for people, I would try my best to tell them the truth, that I just don’t have the information they are looking for. Communication is key, and violence isn’t the answer to finding out things. However, it also depends on the situation that I am in, did I get sentenced for something I did or was I falsely accused of something? Chapter 5 The Time Value of Money 5- ‹#› Topics Covered 5.1 Future Values and Compound Interest 5.2 Present Values 5.3 Multiple Cash Flows 5.4 Reducing the Chore of the Calculations (1) 5.5 Level Cash Flows: Perpetuities and Annuities 5.6 Reducing the Chore of the Calculations (2) 5.7 Effective Annual Interest Rates 5.8 Inflation & The Time Value of Money 5- ‹#› 2 Future Values Future Value Amount to which an investment will grow after earning interest Compound Interest Interest earned on interest Simple Interest Interest earned only on the original investment 5- ‹#› 3 Future Values $ $ $ Example - Simple Interest Interest earned at a rate of 6% for five years on a principal balance of $- ‹#› 5 Future Values Today Future Years Interest Earned Value Example - Simple Interest Interest earned at a rate of 6% for five years on a principal balance of $- ‹#› 12 Future Values Example - Compound Interest Interest earned at a rate of 6% for five years on the previous year’s balance 5- ‹#› 14 Future Values Today Future Years Interest Earned 6 6.36 6.74 7.15 7.57 Value ....82 Example - Compound Interest Interest earned at a rate of 6% for five years on the previous year’s balance 5- ‹#› 12 Future Values Future Value of $100 = FV 5- ‹#› 21 Future Values = $133.82 Example - FV What is the future value of $100 if interest is compounded annually at a rate of 6% for five years?

5- ‹#› 23 Future Values with Compounding 5- ‹#› 24 Manhattan Island Sale Note: The value of Manhattan Island land is well below this figure Peter Minuit bought Manhattan Island for $24 in 1626. Was this a good deal? To answer, determine what $24 is worth in the year 2014, compounded at 8% 5- ‹#› Present Values Discount Rate Interest rate used to compute present values of future cash flows Present Value Value today of a future cash flow Discount Factor Present value of a $1 future payment 5- ‹#› 31 Present Values Present Value 5- ‹#› 32 Present Values Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Method of calculating present value by discounting future cash flows. 5- ‹#› 34 Future cash flow Present value Present Values $2,572 Example You just bought a new computer for $3,000.

The payment terms are 2 years same as cash. If you can earn 8% on your money, how much money should you set aside today in order to make the payment when due in two years? 5- ‹#› 34 Discount Factor = DF = PV of $1 Discount factors can be used to compute the present value of any cash flow Present Values 5- ‹#› 36 Present Values with Compounding 5- ‹#› 24 Present Values Drawing a time line can help us to calculate the present value of the payments to Kangaroo Autos 5- ‹#› 24 The PV formula has many applications. Given any variables in the equation, you can solve for the remaining variable. Time Value of Money (Applications) 5- ‹#› 38 Italy borrowed money for 2 years, but it did not announce an interest rate.

It simply offered to sell each IOU for €963.06. What is the interest rate? Time Value of Money (Applications) 5- ‹#› 38 Value of Free Credit Implied Interest Rates Internal Rate of Return Time necessary to accumulate funds Time Value of Money (Applications) 5- ‹#› 39 FV of Multiple Cash Flows Example You are able to put $1,200 in the bank now, and another $1,400 in 1 year. If you earn an 8% rate of interest, how much will you be able to spend on a computer in 2 years? ________________________________________________________________________________ 5- ‹#› 42 PV of Multiple Cash Flows PVs can be added together to evaluate multiple cash flows … 5- ‹#› 43 PV of Multiple Cash Flows Example Your auto dealer gives you the choice to pay $15,500 cash now, or make three payments: $8,000 now and $4,000 at the end of the following two years.

If your cost of money is 8%, which do you prefer? payment 8,000.00 _____________________________________ 5- ‹#› 42 Present Values Present Value Year /1./1.082 Total = $3,703.70 = $3,429.36 = $15,133.06 $4,000 $8,000 Year 0 1 2 $ 4,000 $8,- ‹#› Spreadsheets Finding the Present Value of Multiple Cash Flows by Using a Spreadsheet Time until CF Cash Flow Present Value Formula in Column C $8,000 =PV ($B$11,A4,0,-B $3,703.70 =PV ($B$11,A5,0,-B $3,429.36 =PV ($B$11,A6,0,-B6) SUM: $15,133.06 =SUM(C4:C6) Discount rate: .08 Example Your auto dealer gives you the choice to pay $15,500 cash now, or make three payments: $8,000 now and $4,000 at the end of the following two years. If your cost of money is 8%, which do you prefer?

5- ‹#› 51 Financial Calculators n is the number of periods i is the interest rate, expressed as a percentage (not a decimal) PV is the present value PMT is the amount of any recurring payment FV is the future value 5- ‹#› 51 n PMT FV i PV Example What is the future value of Peter Minuit’s $24 investment if invested at 8% for 388 years. Financial Calculators Enter the number listed below the key and then push the financial function key. To get the final answer, then push FV and you will get -$233.17 trillion. Ignore the minus sign and that is the answer. 5- ‹#› FV n PMT FV i PV Financial Calculators To get the final answer, then push PV and you will get -$2,572.02.

Ignore the minus sign and that is the answer. Example: You just bought a new computer for $3,000. The payment terms are 2 years same as cash. If you can earn 8% on your money, how much money should you set aside today in order to make the payment when due in two years? 5- ‹#› PV n PMT FV i PV Perpetuities & Annuities Perpetuity A stream of level cash payments that never ends Annuity Level stream of cash flows at regular intervals with a finite maturity 5- ‹#› 44 Perpetuities & Annuities PV of Perpetuity Formula C = cash payment r = interest rate 5- ‹#› 45 Perpetuities & Annuities Example In order to create an endowment, which pays $100,000 per year, forever, how much money must be set aside today in the rate of interest is 10%?

5- ‹#› 47 Perpetuities & Annuities Example (continued) If the first perpetuity payment will not be received until three years from today, how much money needs to be set aside today? 5- ‹#› 49 PV of Annuity Formula C = cash payment r = interest rate t = Number of years cash payment is received Perpetuities & Annuities 5- ‹#› 50 Perpetuities & Annuities PV Annuity Factor (PVAF) The present value of $1 a year for each of t years 5- ‹#› 51 Perpetuities & Annuities Example You are purchasing a car. You are scheduled to make 3 annual installments of $8,000 per year. Given a rate of interest of 10%, what is the price you are paying for the car (i.e., what is the PV)? 5- ‹#› 53 Perpetuities & Annuities Example - Annuity You are purchasing a car.

You are scheduled to make 3 annual installments of $8,000 per year. Given a rate of interest of 10%, what is the price you are paying for the car (i.e. what is the PV)? 5- ‹#› 53 Perpetuities & Annuities Applications Value of payments Implied interest rate for an annuity Calculation of periodic payments Mortgage payment Annual income from an investment payout Future Value of annual payments 5- ‹#› 54 Perpetuities & Annuities Example: Future value of annual payments You plan to save $3,000 every year for 4 years. Given an 8% rate of interest, what will be the FV of your account? $13,- ‹#› 56 Perpetuities & Annuities Example: Future value of annual payments You plan to save $4,000 every year for 20 years and then retire.

Given a 10% rate of interest, how much will you have saved by the time you retire? 5- ‹#› 56 Perpetuities & Annuities Example You are purchasing a home and are scheduled to make 30 annual installments of $10,000 per year. Given an interest rate of 5%, what is the price you are paying for the house (i.e. what is the present value)? 5- ‹#› 56 Annuity Due Level stream of cash flows starting immediately. How does it differ from an ordinary annuity?

How does the future value differ from an ordinary annuity? Annuity Due 5- ‹#› 44 Annuity Due: Level stream of cash flows starting immediately. Example Suppose you invest $429.59 annually at the beginning of each year at 10% interest. After 50 years, how much would your investment be worth? Annuities Due: Example 5- ‹#› 54 Annuity Due: Level stream of cash flows starting immediately.

Example You are purchasing a car. You are scheduled to make 3 annual installments of $8,000 per year. Given a rate of interest of 10%, what is the price you are paying for the car (i.e. what is the PV)? To get the final answer, push PV and you will get -$19,894.82. Ignore the minus sign and that is the answer.

Financial Calculators 5- ‹#› PV n PMT FV i PV Example You are taking out a mortgage for $100,000. You will pay it back over 30 years paying 1% per month. What is your monthly payment? To get the final answer, push PMT and you will get -$1,028.61 Financial Calculators 5- ‹#› PMT ,000 n PMT FV i PV Spreadsheets 5- ‹#› 51 Effective Interest Rates Effective Annual Interest Rate Interest rate that is annualized using compound interest Annual Percentage Rate Interest rate that is annualized using simple interest 5- ‹#› 26 EAR & APR Calculations Annual Percentage Rate (APR): Effective Annual Interest Rate (EAR): *where MR = monthly interest rate 5- ‹#› 26 Effective annual interest rate: - Interest rate that is annualized using compound interest.

Annual percentage rate: Interest rate that is annualized using simple interest. Effective Interest Rates Example Given a monthly rate of 1%, what is the Effective Annual Rate(EAR)? What is the Annual Percentage Rate (APR)? 5- ‹#› 27 Effective Interest Rates Example Given a monthly rate of 1%, what is the Effective Annual Rate(EAR)? What is the Annual Percentage Rate (APR)?

5- ‹#› 28 Example Given a 12% APR, what is the Effective Annual Rate, given monthly compounding? To get the final answer, push FV and you will get 1.1268. Subtract 1, and your answer is 12.68%. EAR & Financial Calculators 5- ‹#› FV n PMT FV i PV Example Given a 6.50 % EAR what is the APR, given monthly compounding? To get the final answer, push i and you will get .5262.

Multiply by 12, and your answer is 6.314%. APR & Financial Calculators 5- ‹#› .065 i -1 n PMT FV i PV Inflation Inflation Rate at which prices as a whole are increasing Nominal Interest Rate Rate at which money invested grows Real Interest Rate Rate at which the purchasing power of an investment increases 5- ‹#› 57 Inflation Annual U.S. Inflation Rates from - ‹#› Approximation formula: Inflation 5- ‹#› 59 Inflation Example If the interest rate on one year govt. bonds is 6.0% and the inflation rate is 2.0%, what is the real interest rate? Savings Bond 5- ‹#› 62 Inflation Remember: Current dollar cash flows must be discounted by the nominal interest rate Real cash flows must be discounted by the real interest rate 5- ‹#› 3.

When you are done watching the videos, in 500 to 600 words, give the class your reflection on what you just saw. This will get you up to 6 points. Include in your reflection: A. What is torture? B.

Is torture legal? If so, cite the law/s which makes it so. C. In your opinion, is torture an effective method in eliciting accurate information from anyone? Why or why not?

D. What is the Patriot Act? Which part of it do you like/dislike? why? E. Can the U.S. government torture foreigners abroad?

If so, cite the law/s which allows it to do so. F. How would you deal with a situation in which you are being tortured for information you may or may not have? 4. In your reflection, try to be objective.

Think Political Science. 5. Then, in at least 150 words but no more than 200 words, respond to at least two of your classmates' submissions by Sunday, 5/26/2019. You must substantiate, in detail , why you agree or disagree with them. This will get you up to 4 points, at 2 points for each thoughtful response.

6. If you disagree with a classmates reflection, you are highly encouraged to voice it. But do so in a respectful manner.

,572 Example You just bought a new computer for