Module Three Assignmentnamechemical Composition And Calculationsinstr ✓ Solved

Module Three Assignment Name: Chemical Composition and Calculations Instructions: Write out a linear equation to answer each question. 1. How many molecules of oxygen are found in 3.00 moles of oxygen? 2. How many grams are in 5.87x1021 molecules of sulfur?

3. How many atoms are found in 5.20 g of magnesium (Mg)? 4. How many atoms are found in 3.45 g of CO2? Instructions: Calculate the mass percent composition of a compound.

Show all of your work. 5. Calculate the mass percent of 0.485 g of H, which reacts with oxygen to form 2.32 g H2O. 6. Calculate the mass percent of manganese (Mn) in potassium permanganate (KMnO4).

Instructions: Calculate the empirical or molecular formula for compounds. Show all of your work. 7. A 2.87 g sample of carbon reacts with hydrogen to form 3.41 g of car fuel. What is the empirical formula of the car fuel?

8. Glucose is a carbohydrate that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The empirical formula of glucose is CH2O and its molar mass is 180.12 g/mol. Find the molecular formula of glucose. Chemical Bonding Instructions: Draw the Lewis Structures for the following molecules.

There are free software programs available online that will allow you draw these structures. You can also use drawing tools on your computer or freehand it, take a picture and insert it into this document. 1. ZnCl. CH.

NI. H2O Instructions: Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds. 5. NO3- Instructions: Give the molecular geometry and the bond angles for the following compounds. 6.

H2O 7. CCI. CO. NH3 Instructions: There are various types of covalent bonds. Determine if the following molecules are polar, nonpolar, or ionic compounds.

10. NaCl 11. CH. BH. H2O 14.

CHCI3 Naming Acids Instructions: Provide the name of each of the following acids. 1. HBr 2. HF 3. HC2H3O2 4.

HNO3 Instructions: Provide the molecular formula for the following acids. 5. Hydrocyanic acid 6. Phosphoric acid MKT/574 v1 Strategic Marketing Plan MKT/574 v1 Strategic Marketing Plan Part A: Environmental Analysis and SWOT Analysis (Due in Wk 2) Company Description Describe the company you are designing the plan for. Include: · Mission Statement · Vision Statement · Product line description · Company information, such as the size of the company Environmental Analysis Analyze the forces that affect the company and marketing efforts.

Competitive Forces Analyze the company’s key competitors. You may choose to use a BCG Matrix or attribute checklist to compare your company against its competitors. Describe any strategic moves the competition has recently made. Estimate your market share. Identify key competitive advantages against your competitors.

Economic Forces Analyze the economic environment in the areas affecting your business. Consider differences within your industry and the economic impact on suppliers. Political Forces Analyze relevant political forces. Examples may include an election year or a law to drastically reduce or eliminate plastic waste in your county. Legal, Regulatory, and Ethical Issues Analyze the legal, regulatory, and ethical issues that may affect your business.

Considerations may include local laws such as a ban on the use of plastic bags, the ability to post billboards, or a possible increased regulation on direct mail. Technological Forces Analyze whether your company will be affected by emerging technologies or trends in hardware and software industries Social Forces Analyze social trends and how they may affect your business. Considerations may include if your business will be affected by demographic trends, a growing dependence on computers, or whether interest in your product might be affected by growing preferences in the way things are done or changing social values. Current Target Markets Define the company’s current target markets. Describe the demographic, geographic, psychographic, and product usage of these targets.

Review Current Marketing Review the company’s current marketing tactics. Consider how people find out about the product, how they get information about the product or service, what might be involved in the buying process, and what money is available for marketing. If your company is a start-up, describe your competitors’ current marketing. SWOT Analysis Assess your company’s strengths, weaknesses, threats, opportunities, and then evaluate how to address these in your marketing plan. Strengths Assess your company’s competitive advantage.

Consider core competencies, assets, location, practices, etc. that are distinct in the way the organization meets the needs of its customers. Weaknesses Assess what limits the company may have in its current marketing strategy. Consider if there is a company weakness that needs to be addressed through Public Relations or Marketing. Opportunities Assess the opportunities you see based on trends or environmental conditions. Threats Assess the threats or limitations that may interfere with the company’s ability to meet its objectives or interfere with marketing plans.

Strengths to Opportunities & Converting Weaknesses and Threats Convert weaknesses and threats to strengths, then strengths to opportunities in the marketing plan. Consider the implications for addressing supplier relationships, implementing new technologies, or changing the product line or addressing new markets. Marketing Objectives Establish marketing objectives based on the results from the SWOT analysis. Marketing objectives must align with corporate objectives, modified by the company’s resources. Objectives should include a date for the completion of the objective and the way in which success will be measured.

For example: The company will expand its marketing efforts to include a new market segment of 21- to 29-year-olds. This will entail the development of a customized product by June 2020 that will address the specific psychographic and technological needs of this age group. This strategy is expected to attain a 20% growth in overall sales by January 2020. Customer loyalty (willingness to recommend the product) will increase by 30%. Part B: Marketing Data Analysis (Due in Wk 4) Internal Data Evaluate internal sources of information available to you inside the organization and what information you will receive from each source.

Identify 3-6 sources of internal data. Insert or remove rows as needed. Source What it Measures Data Potential Usage Example: Sales data Monthly sales by specific product Average sales that month in US dollars for each of 10 products. Data can be segmented by business and consumer markets. Can be used for trend analysis, projections, and to measure effectiveness of promotions.

Secondary Data Evaluate secondary data sources and the specific information you need from each source. Insert or remove rows as needed. Source What it Measures Data Potential Usage Example: retail store analytics Dollar value of sales by quarter by major product categories Total sales of major players Market Share Analysis Seasonal patterns Primary Data Evaluate primary data needs to create and evaluate the marketing plan. Insert or remove rows as needed. Source What it Measures Data Potential Usage Example: Focus group Product usage, motives, identify group level satisfaction, decision process, etc.

Qualitative Identify different reactions of market segments to product. Identify marketing opportunities, product/service flaws and opportunities Customer Relationship Management Establish customer touchpoints and develop appropriate CRM events for customer acquisition, retention, and profitability. Insert or remove rows as needed. CRM Touchpoint Purpose & CRM Objective Data Potential Data Usage Example: Customer profile information on website Starts the account for visitors: name, geography, email address (Customer acquisition) Presale: geographic location; customer id, source of reference Email address Post sales: address, product purchased, quantity, price. Track new and returning customer counts, total period purchases by customer ID, geographic sales data.

Can be used for loyalty rewards, retention, and targeted marketing. Part C: Market Strategy, Marketing Channels, Implementation, and Monitoring (Due in Wk 6) New Target Markets Determine any new markets for your strategy and describe how you will provide value to each target market. Marketing Mix for New Target Markets Determine adaptions for each new target market. · Products · Price · Distribution · Traditional Promotion · Online Promotion Marketing Implementation Create the implementation for your marketing plan. Describe how you will organize and implement the plan, such as whether it will be organized by market, geography, and who is responsible for marketing decisions. Marketing Communication Channels Evaluate the marketing communication channels you will use to reach selected audiences.

Include Internet and traditional communication channels to convey key messages. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each channel you select. Insert or remove rows as needed. Channel Target Market Advantages Disadvantages Example: Direct mail Middle class residential Can include coupons Expense and low return rate for given product Strategic Actions Develop specific activities required to implement the marketing plan. Identify the person or role who will be responsible for each action, when it will be complete, and what standard or metric indicate that the activity is complete.

Insert or remove rows as needed. Action Date for Completion Person/Role Responsible Standard/Metric Example: Design flyer for direct mail campaign 1/1/2021 J. Smith, graphic designer Approval by senior marketing team and legal Monitoring Develop the measurement to identify how you know you have been successful for each strategic action. Specify the measures to track performance against goals. Identify standard reports from your online and traditional marketing efforts.

Insert or remove rows as needed. Action Target Person Responsible Inter-measurement Example: Direct mail flyer 1100 new inquiries Western regional manager 500 new inquiries first month of campaign

Paper for above instructions

Understanding the fundamentals of chemical composition and the ability to perform calculations is crucial in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science. This assignment will address various aspects of chemical composition through a series of calculations, mass percent determination, empirical and molecular formula calculations, Lewis structures, molecular geometry evaluations, and acid naming. Each question will be systematically solved, showing all necessary workings.

Chemical Composition Calculations

1. How many molecules of oxygen are in 3.00 moles of oxygen?

To convert moles to molecules, we use Avogadro's number, which is \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) molecules/mole.
\[
\text{Number of molecules} = \text{moles} \times \text{Avogadro's number} = 3.00 \, \text{moles} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} \, \frac{\text{molecules}}{\text{mole}} = 1.8066 \times 10^{24} \, \text{molecules}
\]

2. How many grams are in \(5.87 \times 10^{21}\) molecules of sulfur?

First, we convert molecules to moles.
\[
\text{Number of moles} = \frac{5.87 \times 10^{21} \, \text{molecules}}{6.022 \times 10^{23} \, \text{molecules/mole}} = 9.75 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{moles}
\]
The molar mass of sulfur (S) is \(32.06 \, \text{g/mol}\).
\[
\text{Mass in grams} = \text{moles} \times \text{molar mass} = 9.75 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{moles} \times 32.06 \, \text{g/g} = 0.312 \, \text{g}
\]

3. How many atoms are found in 5.20 g of magnesium (Mg)?

The molar mass of magnesium (Mg) is \(24.31 \, \text{g/mol}\).
\[
\text{Number of moles} = \frac{5.20 \, \text{g}}{24.31 \, \text{g/mol}} = 0.2135 \, \text{moles}
\]
Using Avogadro's number to find the number of atoms:
\[
\text{Number of atoms} = 0.2135 \, \text{moles} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} \, \frac{\text{atoms}}{\text{mole}} = 1.284 \times 10^{23} \, \text{atoms}
\]

4. How many atoms are found in 3.45 g of CO2?

First, we find the molar mass of CO2:
- C: 12.01 g/mol
- O: 16.00 g/mol
\[
\text{Molar mass of CO2} = 12.01 \, \text{g/mol} + 2 \times 16.00 \, \text{g/mol} = 44.01 \, \text{g/mol}
\]
Now calculate the number of moles in 3.45 g:
\[
\text{Number of moles} = \frac{3.45 \, \text{g}}{44.01 \, \text{g/mol}} = 0.0785 \, \text{moles}
\]
Since each molecule of CO2 contains 3 atoms (1 C and 2 O):
\[
\text{Number of molecules} = 0.0785 \, \text{moles} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} \, \frac{\text{molecules}}{\text{mole}} = 4.73 \times 10^{22} \, \text{molecules}
\]
Therefore, the number of atoms:
\[
\text{Total atoms} = 4.73 \times 10^{22} \, \text{molecules} \times 3 = 1.419 \times 10^{23} \, \text{atoms}
\]

Mass Percent Composition Calculations

5. Calculate the mass percent of 0.485 g of H in 2.32 g of H2O.

First, find the mass of oxygen in H2O, which is \(2.32 - 0.485 = 1.835 \, \text{g of O}\).
\[
\text{Mass percent of H} = \left( \frac{0.485 \, \text{g}}{2.32 \, \text{g}} \right) \times 100 = 20.9 \%
\]

6. Calculate the mass percent of manganese (Mn) in potassium permanganate (KMnO4).

The molar mass of KMnO4 is given by:
- K: 39.10 g/mol
- Mn: 54.94 g/mol
- O4: 4 × 16.00 g/mol = 64.00 g/mol
\[
\text{Molar mass of KMnO4} = 39.10 + 54.94 + 64.00 = 158.04 \, \text{g/mol}
\]
\[
\text{Mass percent of Mn} = \left( \frac{54.94 \, \text{g}}{158.04 \, \text{g}} \right) \times 100 = 34.8 \%
\]

Empirical and Molecular Formula Calculations

7. A 2.87 g sample of carbon reacts with hydrogen to form 3.41 g of car fuel. What is the empirical formula of the car fuel?

First, find the mass of hydrogen:
\[
\text{Mass of H} = 3.41 \, \text{g} - 2.87 \, \text{g} = 0.54 \, \text{g}
\]
Finding moles:
\[
\text{Moles of C} = \frac{2.87 \, \text{g}}{12.01 \, \text{g/mol}} = 0.2396 \, \text{moles}
\]
\[
\text{Moles of H} = \frac{0.54 \, \text{g}}{1.008 \, \text{g/mol}} = 0.5357 \, \text{moles}
\]
Finding the simplest ratio:
\[
C:H = 0.2396:0.5357 \Rightarrow \text{Dividing by the smaller quantity} = 1:2.24 \approx 1:2
\]
Thus, the empirical formula is \(CH_2\).

8. Finding the molecular formula of glucose (C6H12O6).

Given the empirical formula \(CH_2O\) and the molar mass \(180.12 \, \text{g/mol}\):
\[
\text{Empirical mass} = 12.01 + 2 \times 1.008 + 16.00 = 30.03 \, \text{g/mol}
\]
Finding the multiplier:
\[
\text{n} = \frac{180.12}{30.03} \approx 6
\]
Thus, the molecular formula of glucose is \(C_6H_{12}O_6\).

Lewis Structures and Resonance Structures

For the Lewis structures:

1. ZnCl2

Zinc chloride can be represented with Zn in the center with single bonds to two Cl atoms:
- Zn: 2 valence electrons from metallic Zn
- Each Cl: 7 valence electrons, single bond gives Cl 2 atoms with full octets.

2. H2O

Oxygen is the center with two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs on oxygen:
- H–O–H, with two lone pairs on O.

3. NH3

Ammonia has nitrogen at the center with one lone pair and three hydrogens:
- H—N—H and a lone pair on N.

4. CHCl3

Carbon is at the center, with three Cl and one H:
- Cl attached to C with a tetrahedral arrangement.

Resonance Structures

5. NO3-

Resonance occurs in the nitrate ion, where the double bond can be between the N and any of the three O atoms:
- Can represent three equivalent structures for NO3-.

Molecular Geometry and Bond Angles

6. H2O

Molecular geometry is bent, with a bond angle of:
- Approximately \(104.5^\circ\).

7. CCl4

Tetrahedral shape with bond angles at:
- \(109.5^\circ\).

8. NH3

Pyramidal shape with bond angles approximately at:
- \(107^\circ\).

9. CO2

Linear structure with bond angles at:
- \(180^\circ\).

Polar, Nonpolar, or Ionic Compounds

Considering the given molecules:

10. NaCl

Ionic compound due to the transfer of electrons from Na to Cl.

11. CH4

Nonpolar covalent due to equal sharing of electrons.

12. BH3

Nonpolar as it has symmetrical geometry.

13. H2O

Polar due to the difference in electronegativity and bent structure.

14. CHCl3

Polar due to the presence of chlorine, creating a dipole.

Naming Acids

1. HBr

Hydrobromic acid.

2. HF

Hydrofluoric acid.

3. HC2H3O2

Acetic acid.

4. HNO3

Nitric acid.

Molecular Formular for Acids

5. Hydrocyanic acid

HCN.

6. Phosphoric acid

H3PO4.

Conclusion

This assignment extensively covered calculations related to moles, mass percent composition, empirical and molecular formulas, Lewis structures, molecular geometry, and recognition of compounds' polarity, culminating in the naming of acids. Mastering these concepts lays a solid foundation for understanding chemical reactions and interactions.

References

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