Part B - The rationale behind the demographic transition model Why does demograp
ID: 108546 • Letter: P
Question
Part B - The rationale behind the demographic transition model
Why does demographic transition take place? While the model is based on the European experience of industrialization and accompanying development, it generally applies to most other countries today. Each stage is associated with certain socioeconomic characteristics.
Preindustrial societies, primarily nomadic or agrarian, favor high birth rates to hedge against high mortality from disease and low child survival and to provide labor. Today, only some isolated tribes show the demographic characteristics of the first stage.
As modern medicine and public health become more widespread, death rates decline, but birth rates remain high, largely due to cultural norms. Some of the world’s least industrialized countries, such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa are in this second (early transitional) stage today.
As industrialization and urbanization continue, improved access to healthcare, education, and contraception result in the third (late transitional stage) of declining fertility and mortality, found today in the newly industrialized countries.
The developed countries of Western Europe and North America have reached the fourth stage of the demographic transition, where high public health lowers the death rate and fertility declines due to changing norms and lifestyles, leading to a stabilized population.
Some developed countries and some post-communist countries of Eastern Europe are in the fifth stage, where extremely low fertility either equals or falls below the death rate.
In this activity, you will determine the correct stage of the DTM for different countries based on their birth rates, death rates, and natural increase rates, comparing them to averages for the more developed, less developed, and least developed countries. Compare first the NIR then birth rates, and finally death rates, to determine where each country should be sorted.
Drag the country names into their respective bins. If you feel that a country would fit in more than one bin, sort it into the most appropriate bin
Belarus Egypt Yemen Rwanda Namibia Peru Thailand
BIN--> stage 2: Transitional stage3: Transitional stage4: industrial stage 5: postindustrial
Country Birth Rateper 1000 Death Rate
per 1000 NIR
(%) More developed countries 11 10 0.1 Less developed countries 22 7 1.4 Least developed countries 34 10 2.5 Belarus 12 13 -0.1 Peru 20 5 1.5 Egypt 25 6 1.9 Namibia 27 8 1.9 Rwanda 36 8 2.9 Thailand 12 8 0.4 Yemen 34 6 2.7
Explanation / Answer
Stage 2 stage 3 stage 4 stage 5
Rwanda Namibia Thailand Belarus
Yeman egypt
Peru
Based on the NIR,birth and death rates,the countries are placed in the respective bins. Demographic transition take place due to changing environment and industrialization.