Pergunta9 8 pts Which of the following approaches could resolve the apparent ten
ID: 118009 • Letter: P
Question
Pergunta9 8 pts Which of the following approaches could resolve the apparent tension between the Drake Equation which apparently allows for the existence of many alien civilizations in our Galaxy) with the Fermi Paradox or "Great Silence" (which suggests, contrarily, that few if any alien civilizations exist in our Galaxy)? Select each valid approach (there may be several) Both the fraction of planets that evolve complex life (fi fi) and the typical lifetime of alien civilizations compared to the lifetimes of their host stars (fL) could be extremely low O The typical lifetime of alien civilizations,compared to the lifetimes of their host stars (fu), could be extremely low The number of stars in the Galaxy (N") could be vastly smaller than astronomers estimate. The fraction of habitable planets that evolve complex life (f fi) could be extremely low. The fraction of stars hosting habitable planets (fp'np) could be vastly smaller than astronomers estimateExplanation / Answer
The approch that both the fraction of planets that evolve complex life and the typical lifetime of alien civilizations compared to the lifetime of their host stars could be extremely low can solve the various contradictions between Drake Equation and Fermi Paradox.
The Drake Equation calculate the probable number of technological civilizations in our galaxy using various astronomical and biological factors. The equation is a product of seven terms, the first three are astronomical in nature and they attempt to calculate the number of “habitable” planets produced per year in our galaxy. The next three terms give the probability of a technological civilization evolving on any given habitable planet, and the last term tells us how long the civilizations last, on average.
Expressed in its simplest form the Fermi Paradox states “If there are many extraterrestrial civilizations in the galaxy, then why haven’t we seen them?” The apparent contradiction between the relatively high estimates of the number of such civilizations and the lack of any convincing evidence for their existence causes a sort of paradox. The argument goes as follows: If there are many technological civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy, at least a few of them, presumably, would eventually develop the technology required to travel through space and colonize new planets. Given that the galaxy is very old (approximately 10 billion years) some of these early civilizations would have had more than enough time by now to develop interstellar travel technology, and, assuming they wanted to learn about other life forms in the galaxy, they would have had ample time to explore and colonize the galaxy.
We still lack much of the necessary information required to make accurate predictions with the Drake Equation. Namely, we do not know the biological probabilities of life evolving on a given habitable planet, or the probability of intelligent life eventually evolving from basic single celled organisms. We also do not know the average “lifetime” of a technological civilization. Solution to this problem is to create a graph that shows the entire range of possibilities, depending on the various possible values of these probabilities. The two unknown factors (biological probability and average lifetime) are plotted on an x-y graph. As might be expected, if the biological factor is sufficiently large (meaning that there is a high probability of life developing on a given planet) and/or the average lifetime of the average civilization is sufficiently long, then it is quite likely that we would eventually be able to establish two way communications, although it may take a long time. Or both the fraction of planets that evolve complex life and the typical lifetime of alien civilizations compared to the lifetime of their host satrs could be extremely low.