Question
The following statement just needs a reply 50 words please Job design is a way to break down multiple tasks into seperate managable components. It sets certain criteria for each area of a job. The three methods of job design are job enlargement, job rotation, and job enrichment. Enlargement gives employees more tasks so that they do not get bored. Rotation rotates employees through different departmentsto increase their knowledge about how the organization works. Enrichment is giving employees some responsibilities that would usually be for the managers, but helps make the employee feel useful. All of these methods help an organization mold strong, smart, motivated employees that know how to do their job and can help the organization smoothly.
Explanation / Answer
Untilthe nineteenth century,manyfamiliesgrewthe things theyneeded,especiallyfood.General craftjobs aroseas peopleceasedorreducedtheirownfoodproduction,usedtheirlabortoproduceothergoodssuch asclothingandfurniture,andtradedthesegoodsforfoodandothernecessities.Overtime,people'swork becameincreasingspecializedas theyfollowedthisgeneralpattern.Forexample,thegeneralcraft of clothingproductionsplinteredintospecializedcraftjobssuchasweaving,tailoring,andsewing.This revolutiontowardsspecializingacceleratedas theIndustrialRevolutionsweptEuropein the1700sand 1800s,followedby theUnitedStatesin the later1800s. Thetrendtowardspecializationeventuallybecameasubjectofformalstudy.Thetwomostinfluential studentsofspecializationwereAdamSmithandCharlesBaggabe.Smith,aneighteen-centuryScottish economist,originated thephrasedivisionoflaborinhisclassicbookAnInquiryintotheNatureandCauses of theWealthofNations,published in1776.Thebooktellsthestoryof agroupofpinmakerswho specializedtheirjobstoproducemanymoreperpersonin adaythaneachcouldhavemadebyworking alone. InSmith'stime,pin-makinglikemostotherproductionwork,wasstillanindividualjob.Onepersonwould performallof thetasksrequired: drawingoutastripof wire,clippingit to theproperlength,sharpening oneend,attachingaheadto theotherend,andpolishinghefinishedpin.Withspecialization,oneperson didnothingbuddrewoutwire, anotherdidtheclippingandsoon.Smithattributedthedramaticincreases inoutputtofactorsuchasincreaseddexterityowingtopractice,decreasedtimechangingfromone productionoperationto anotherandthe development ofspecializedequipmentandmachinery.Thebasic principlesdescribedin theWealthofNationsprovidedthefoundationfortheassemblyline. CharlesBabbagewroteOn the Economy ofMachineryandManufacturers in1832.ExtendingSmith's work,Babbagecitedseveraladditionaladvantagesofjobspecialization:Relativelylittletimewasneededto learnspecializedjobs,wastedecreased,workersneededtomakefewertoolandequipmentchanges,and workers'skillsimprovedthroughfrequentrepetitionoftasks. As theIndustrialRevolutionspreadto theUnitedStatesfromEurope,jobspecializationproliferated throughoutindustry.Itbeganin themid-1880sandreacheditspeakwiththe development of scientific managementin theearly1900s. Fredrick W.Taylor,the chiefproponentofjobspecialization,arguedthatjobs should be scientifically studied,brokendownintosmallcomponenttasks,andthenstandardizedacrossallworkersdoingthejobs. Taylor'sviewwasconsistentwiththepremisesofdivisionoflaborasdiscussedbySmithandBabbage. In50sand60sJobRotationandJobEnlargementwereaddedtoJobDesign