Can you make this into a : intro, body, summary, references? Earthquakes An eart
ID: 120214 • Letter: C
Question
Can you make this into a : intro, body, summary, references?
Earthquakes
An earthquake is a sudden release of stored energy in the earth's crustthat creates seismic waves and a violent shake of the ground caused by movements of the earth's tectonic plates and it occurs when two plate tectonic come together and crash. Landslides and moving magma in volcanoes make earthquakes. Nuclear and chemical explosions also produce seismic waves that can be distinguished from natural earthquakes.You can feel the ground shaking, something moving, everything falling out of it's place and possibly breaking and at that moment you stop with what you are doingand just stay still, stay focused and go to a near safe area and hold still until the shake stops. It is usually caused when when the rock underground breaks along the fault. The release of the energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When the two rocks or plates rub against each other , they stick a little and then when the rock or plates break,the earthquake happens and shakes. Energy is produced when an earthquake occurs. This energy is released in the form of seismic waves. These waves travel throughout the entire Earth. Waves transmit energy between different points. There are many kinds of waves, seismic waves are a type of physical wave. In general, the bigger the waves, the more energy they carry. Larger waves will be steeper, i.e., have a different shape, than smaller, less energetic waves of the same wavelength. If wavelength stays the same, but the energy increases, wave height increases as well. The energy released during an earthquake causes the ground to shake. If you are close to the epicenter of an earthquake, the shaking is more severe than if you were farther away. This change occurs for many reasons. Most important, seismic energy dissipates as it travels through rocks, due to friction and other effects. In addition, the different types of seismic waves travel at different speeds. This means that close to the epicenter of an earthquake, all the waves arrive at about the same time, and the ground shakes very hard for a short period of time. Further from the epicenter, the fastest waves arrive ahead of the slower waves. This spreading out of energy makes the shaking is less intense. Earthquake causes a lot of damages such as, landslides, mudslides, avalanches on steeper hills or or mountains, which can cause damage to buildings and hurt people. The seismic waves of the that causes the shaking causes the buildings to collapse and it also depends on the amplitude and the duration of the shaking. Alos, the damage it can causes is death, illnesses, tradegies, and a loss of homes and such. Earthquakes are not predictable and can give an ide of where it can hit, but not when. Although it is known that most global earthquakes will concentrate at the plate boundaries, there is no reliable method of accurately predicting the time, place and magnitude of an earthquake. Most current research is concerned with minimising the risk associated with earthquakes, by assessing the combination of seismic hazard and the vulnerability of a given area. Many seismic countries, however, have research programs based on identifying possible precursors to major earthquakes. This includes the study of dilatancy, how rocks crack and expand under the increased stress associated with the earthquake. Some major earthquakes, but not all, are heralded by the occurrence of foreshocks. which can be detected by dense local monitoring networks. Other instruments can measure changes in the levels of radon gas, electrical and magnetic properties, velocity changes of seismic waves and changes in topography. Long term monitoring and examination by these sensors is required as some or all of these factors may change due to the opening of cracks prior to the earthquake. All attempts to predict earthquakes have, however, been generally considered as failures and it is unlikely that accurate prediction will occur in the near future. . During an earthquake, stay calm, if you're inside stay against a wall, stand in doorway, or crawl under a heavy furniture. If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or anything that might fallincluding buildings.The safest place to be during an earthquake is where you are at the time the shaking begins.Do not run if you're outside because that is when injuries happen and death and staying in one spot and going to a safer area will decrease the chances of injuries.If inside drop under a desk and cover yourself. When, before, and after an earthquake, you make sure you have fire extinguisher, first aid kit, battery/flash light, turn off gas, water and etc, do not leave heavy objects on shelves.Stay away from buildings. After, Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it. Stay away from damaged areas and shut off any damaged power lines. Evacuate safer areas calmly.
Explanation / Answer
Introduction
Earthquakes are happening almost everyday all over the world. Most of the time earthquakes are not strong enough to be felt by people, but the shaking caused by an earthquake is recorded by a seismogram. These are located all over the world at different points. Only occasionally will a larger magnitude earthquake strike and cause damage to the region. Around the world there are many faults, depending where these faults are plays a major factor in determining where an earthquake will happen. It is these faults that are the reason for earthquakes. The type of fault will also determine how often an earthquake will happen.
Body
An earthquake is a sudden release of stored energy in the earth's crustthat creates seismic waves and a violent shake of the ground caused by movements of the earth's tectonic plates and it occurs when two plate tectonic come together and crash. Landslides and moving magma in volcanoes make earthquakes. Nuclear and chemical explosions also produce seismic waves that can be distinguished from natural earthquakes.You can feel the ground shaking, something moving, everything falling out of it's place and possibly breaking and at that moment you stop with what you are doingand just stay still, stay focused and go to a near safe area and hold still until the shake stops. It is usually caused when when the rock underground breaks along the fault. The release of the energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When the two rocks or plates rub against each other , they stick a little and then when the rock or plates break,the earthquake happens and shakes. Energy is produced when an earthquake occurs. This energy is released in the form of seismic waves. These waves travel throughout the entire Earth. Waves transmit energy between different points. There are many kinds of waves, seismic waves are a type of physical wave. In general, the bigger the waves, the more energy they carry. Larger waves will be steeper, i.e., have a different shape, than smaller, less energetic waves of the same wavelength. If wavelength stays the same, but the energy increases, wave height increases as well. The energy released during an earthquake causes the ground to shake. If you are close to the epicenter of an earthquake, the shaking is more severe than if you were farther away. This change occurs for many reasons. Most important, seismic energy dissipates as it travels through rocks, due to friction and other effects. In addition, the different types of seismic waves travel at different speeds. This means that close to the epicenter of an earthquake, all the waves arrive at about the same time, and the ground shakes very hard for a short period of time. Further from the epicenter, the fastest waves arrive ahead of the slower waves. This spreading out of energy makes the shaking is less intense. Earthquake causes a lot of damages such as, landslides, mudslides, avalanches on steeper hills or or mountains, which can cause damage to buildings and hurt people. The seismic waves of the that causes the shaking causes the buildings to collapse and it also depends on the amplitude and the duration of the shaking. Alos, the damage it can causes is death, illnesses, tradegies, and a loss of homes and such. Earthquakes are not predictable and can give an ide of where it can hit, but not when.
Although it is known that most global earthquakes will concentrate at the plate boundaries, there is no reliable method of accurately predicting the time, place and magnitude of an earthquake. Most current research is concerned with minimising the risk associated with earthquakes, by assessing the combination of seismic hazard and the vulnerability of a given area. Many seismic countries, however, have research programs based on identifying possible precursors to major earthquakes. This includes the study of dilatancy, how rocks crack and expand under the increased stress associated with the earthquake. Some major earthquakes, but not all, are heralded by the occurrence of foreshocks. which can be detected by dense local monitoring networks. Other instruments can measure changes in the levels of radon gas, electrical and magnetic properties, velocity changes of seismic waves and changes in topography. Long term monitoring and examination by these sensors is required as some or all of these factors may change due to the opening of cracks prior to the earthquake. All attempts to predict earthquakes have, however, been generally considered as failures and it is unlikely that accurate prediction will occur in the near future.
During an earthquake, stay calm, if you're inside stay against a wall, stand in doorway, or crawl under a heavy furniture. If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or anything that might fallincluding buildings.The safest place to be during an earthquake is where you are at the time the shaking begins.Do not run if you're outside because that is when injuries happen and death and staying in one spot and going to a safer area will decrease the chances of injuries.If inside drop under a desk and cover yourself. When, before, and after an earthquake, you make sure you have fire extinguisher, first aid kit, battery/flash light, turn off gas, water and etc, do not leave heavy objects on shelves.Stay away from buildings. After, Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it. Stay away from damaged areas and shut off any damaged power lines. Evacuate safer areas calmly.
Summary
Earthquakes are common events and are happening all the time. They can be caused by many different factors within the earth¡¦s interior. Depending on the type of area that they happen in will determine the strength of the earthquake, and the frequency of earthquakes within the region. The distribution of earthquakes within an area will much depend upon what caused the earthquake to happen in the first place. We understand today how earthquakes are caused, and we can record where they happen every day of the year. This has helped us to learn and understand about earthquakes in much detail. We now only miss one important factor that we all would like to know, when and where the next one will be. In truth it must be said that today we are still not close to predicting earthquakes even with all the technology that is available.
References
Understanding Earth 2nd edition by Frank Press and Raymond Siever.
Microsoft Encarta Encyclopaedia 1998.