QUESTION 38 The fact that every dollar that the government spends or transfers m
ID: 1203346 • Letter: Q
Question
QUESTION 38
The fact that every dollar that the government spends or transfers must ultimately be provided by the taxes and user charges it collects plus government borrowing is known as the
user charge constraint.
government balance sheet constraint.
government budget constraint.
tax collection constraint
QUESTION 39
The main source of government funding is
user fees.
transfer payments.
taxes.
borrowing.
QUESTION 40
According to the government budget constraint, any excess of public expenditures and transfers over taxes and user fees must be funded by
U.S. Treasury money creation.
private borrowing.
Federal Reserve money creation.
government borrowing.
QUESTION 41
The marginal income tax rate is equal to
the average tax payment divided by the total tax payment.
the total tax payment divided by total income.
the change in the tax payment divided by the change in income.
the percent of total income that goes to taxes.
QUESTION 42
The marginal income tax rate applies to
the income in the highest tax bracket reached.
all income earned by a family.
the income received by people above the national average.
the income of the highest income U.S. taxpayers.
QUESTION 43
The marginal tax rate and the average tax rate are the same under a
progressive income tax system.
regressive income tax system.
proportional income tax system.
none of the above.
QUESTION 44
A tax rate system characterized by higher marginal tax rates as income increases is known as
a proportional tax system.
a progressive tax system.
a regressive tax system.
a flat-rate tax system.
QUESTION 45
If the marginal tax rate is less than the average tax rate, the tax system is
liberal.
progressive.
regressive.
proportional.
QUESTION 46
In a proportional income tax system,
marginal tax rates increase as the level of taxable income increases.
marginal tax rates are the same regardless of the level of taxable income.
everyone pays the same dollar amount in taxes.
marginal tax rates decline as the level of taxable income declines.
QUESTION 47
A tax system that applies a lower marginal tax rate at higher levels of income is
backward.
regressive.
progressive.
proportional.
QUESTION 48
The average tax rate can be calculated by which of the following formulas?
The change in taxes due divided by the change in taxable income
The change in taxable income divided by the change in taxes due
Total taxable income divided by total taxes due
Total taxes due divided by total taxable income
QUESTION 49
Under a progressive income tax system, the marginal income tax rate paid by taxpayers
declines as their incomes increase.
is unrelated to their incomes.
rises as their incomes increase.
is unchanged as their incomes increase.
QUESTION 50
The tax base is
the minimum amount of tax revenue that government must collect each year.
the maximum amount of tax revenue that government must collect each year.
the sum of all incomes earned in the United States.
the value of all goods, services, incomes, or wealth subject to taxation.
QUESTION 51
A capital gain is defined as
the tax paid when one sells an asset.
the tax rate one pays when one moves into a higher tax bracket.
an unanticipated increase in income.
the positive difference between the sale price and the purchase price of an asset.
QUESTION 52
Corporate profits are
taxed only when a stockholder sells his or her shares of stock.
taxed at too low a rate.
QUESTION 53
Social Security taxes are regressive because
they apply only to rich people.
they are not applied to income beyond a certain amount.
they are applied to welfare recipients.
they are applied to retired people only.
QUESTION 54
The largest share of federal government tax receipts is derived from
excise taxes.
individual income taxes.
corporate income taxes.
social insurance contributions.
QUESTION 55
Local government expenditures depend on which taxes?
Social Security taxes
Local property, sales, and excise taxes
Capital gains taxes
Revenues from licenses and permits
QUESTION 56
When the purchase price of an asset is less than its sale price, then there is a
budget deficit.
corporate income tax.
capital gain.
capital loss.
QUESTION 57
The earnings that a corporation saves for investment in other productive activities are
transfers in kind.
capital gains.
tax incidence.
retained earnings.
QUESTION 58
Tax incidence refers to
determining who sends the taxes into the government.
the distribution of tax burdens among groups, or who really pays a tax.
the tendency of some people to avoid paying taxes at all.
determining the marginal tax rate applied to any increase in income.
QUESTION 59
Social Security taxes are paid by
neither employers nor employees.
both employers and employees.
employers only.
employees only.
QUESTION 60
The three possible sources of government funding include
explicit fees, taxes, and borrowing.
international income, personal income taxes, and export taxes.
foreign aid, revenues, and implicit fees.
None of the above are correct.
QUESTION 61
The Social Security program is financed directly from
voluntary contributions by the elderly.
poll taxes.
sales taxes on goods with inelastic demand.
payroll taxes.
QUESTION 62
Sales taxes are
based on each individual taxpayer's income level.
levied on purchases of a particular good or service.
collected only by the U.S. government.
assessed on the prices paid on a large set of goods and services.
QUESTION 63
Ad valorem taxes
are assessed as a percentage of a good's price.
are based on income levels.
are not used in the United States.
are applied only to imports.
QUESTION 64
Dynamic tax analysis is based on the recognition that as tax rates are increased,
tax revenue collections will increase at a faster rate than the tax rate change.
tax revenue collections will eventually decline.
tax revenue collections will change at the same rate as the tax rates.
tax revenue collections will continually increase.
QUESTION 65
Static tax analysis assumes that
an increase in a tax rate will lead to an increase in the tax base.
an increase in a tax rate will leave the tax base unchanged.
the tax base will always remain unchanged.
an increase in a tax rate may lead to a decrease in the tax base.
QUESTION 66
What happens when the government imposes a unit excise tax on a good?
The demand for the newly taxed good decreases.
That good's supply curve shifts down by the amount of the tax.
The newly taxed good's supply curve shifts vertically upward by the amount of the per-unit tax being levied.
The amount of the tax is added to the current equilibrium price.
QUESTION 67
The imposition of a new excise tax will
decrease equilibrium price and increase equilibrium quantity.
decrease equilibrium price and decrease equilibrium quantity.
increase equilibrium price and increase equilibrium quantity.
increase equilibrium price and decrease equilibrium quantity.
QUESTION 68
An excise tax is a tax that is levied on
the purchase of a given good or service.
the value of an estate.
that part of a person's income coming from interest payments.
the value of a piece of property.
user charge constraint.
government balance sheet constraint.
government budget constraint.
tax collection constraint
Explanation / Answer
38. government balance sheet constraint.
39. taxes.
40. government borrowing.
41. the change in the tax payment divided by the change in income.
42. the income in the highest tax bracket reached.
43. proportional income tax system
44. a progressive tax system.
45. regressive.
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