Hey can someone explain this to me please i have to do an essay 2pages long, i h
ID: 1237458 • Letter: H
Question
Hey can someone explain this to me please i have to do an essay 2pages long, i have no idea what to do.Trade-offs
Lawrence Summers was a professor of economics at Harvard and servedas Secretary of the treasury in the Clinton administration beforebecoming president of Harvard. He has been quoted as giving thefollowing moral defense of the economic approach:
"There is nothing morally attractive about
saying; We need to analyze which way of
spending money on health care will produce
more benefit and which less, and using our
money as efficiently as we can. I don't think
there is anything inmoral about seeking to
achieve environmental benefits at the lowest
possible costs."
Would it be more moral to reduce pollution. (Remember cancer'sincidence) without worrying about the cost or by taking the costinto account?....Explain
Explanation / Answer
TRADE OFFS Its actually deals with improvement ofone quality and the other quality is suffered.In a situation ofwhich Prof. Summers talks is of providing health care benefits tothe Americans. Health would be effected if most of theproducts were made in America but we all know that our mostlyproducts come from China.But the fact that America wants cheaplabor is also because it wants the American environment to remainsave,which also saves the American economy by producing a productat a lower cost and selling it a the market for a good price.It is indeed moral to remove pollution but,for a fact is that everyone knows that either the cost or theenvironment will have to suffer. Health is an realy importantissue and cannot be neglected. American's view of trade are complicated and cannot beexpalined as a simple preference for free trade orprotectionism.Majority of Americans view trade,in principle,assomething affiirmative and having significnat benefits for the USeconomy.However,the majority also has key reservations about howtrade has been put into practice. We show the strongapprehension that,trade has benefited commerce and prospereous,ithas not benefited Americans workers and has widened the gap betweenwealthy and unfortune. With regard to the cost factor-pollution control systemthemselves have a calculable cost- the added worth of supporting apopulation through wages, infrastructure through taxes and health care through employeebenefits which offest the acceptance of a level of pollution aremore difficult to peg. Pollution is the introduction of a contaminant into theenvironment. It is created mostly by human actions, but can also bea result of natural disasters . Pollution has a detrimental effect on any living organism inan environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life.Itsharms the Earth’s environment and its inhabitants in manyways.There are three types of polutions, land pollution,airpollution and water pollution. Causes of land pollution are chemical and neulear plants,Industrial factories,human sewage ,deforestation,littering and muchmore.Here are some facts about land polllution;Land pollutioncauses us to lose 24 billion tons of top soil every year,We throwaway enough trash every day to fill 63,000 garbage trucks,Over 80%of items in landfills can be recycled, but they’re not.Thebest way to prevent land pollution is to recycle.We can alsoprevent the land pollution to buy biodegradable products,Store allliquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers. Air pollution is the accumulation of hazardous substances intothe atmosphere that danger human life and other living matter.Wecause air pollution directly through our use of electricity, fuels,and transportation. We also cause air pollution indirectly, when webuy goods and services that use energy in their production anddelivery. Most of this air pollution we cause results from theburning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, andgasoline to produce electricity and power our vehicles. The effectsof air pollution on human health and the environment have economicimpacts. According to the Healthy People 2000 report , each year inthe United States: The health costs of human exposure to outdoor air pollutantsrange from $40 to $50 billion. People with asthma experience more than 100 million days ofrestricted activity, costs for asthma exceed $4 billion, and about4,000 people die of asthma. he number one way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bikemore and drive less. This will prevent fossil fuels from pollutingthe air. Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, biologicaland physical matter into large bodies of water that degrade thequality of life that lives in it and consumes it.The causes ofwater pollutions are industrial waste,marine dumping,householdchemical and much more.Some facts of water polution ,Overtwo-thirds of U.S. estuaries and bays are severely degraded becauseof nitrogen and phosphorous pollution,Over 73 different kinds ofpesticides have been found in the groundwater that we eventuallyuse to drink.The best way to prevent water pollution is to notthrow trash and other harmful chemicals into our watersupplies.Don’t throw trash, chemicals or solvents into sewerdrains.Use non-toxic cleaning materials. The control of toxins in workplace environments like thatofindustries there is a no impact level for pollutant. Risk isanalyzed on the fact that zero is risk is never attinable. With regard to the cost factor-pollution control systemthemselves have a calculable cost- the added worth of supporting apopulation through wages,infrastructure through taxes and healthcare through employee benefits which offest the acceptance of alevel of pollution are more difficult to peg.These would come intoplay in calculating"regardless of cost".In the example of the useof fertilizers and pesticides in the agribusiness,the totalelimination of these potential pollutant could cause masive foodshortages and starvation-not a cost that people would be willing topay.
TRADE OFFS Its actually deals with improvement ofone quality and the other quality is suffered.In a situation ofwhich Prof. Summers talks is of providing health care benefits tothe Americans. Health would be effected if most of theproducts were made in America but we all know that our mostlyproducts come from China.But the fact that America wants cheaplabor is also because it wants the American environment to remainsave,which also saves the American economy by producing a productat a lower cost and selling it a the market for a good price.
It is indeed moral to remove pollution but,for a fact is that everyone knows that either the cost or theenvironment will have to suffer. Health is an realy importantissue and cannot be neglected. American's view of trade are complicated and cannot beexpalined as a simple preference for free trade orprotectionism.Majority of Americans view trade,in principle,assomething affiirmative and having significnat benefits for the USeconomy.However,the majority also has key reservations about howtrade has been put into practice. We show the strongapprehension that,trade has benefited commerce and prospereous,ithas not benefited Americans workers and has widened the gap betweenwealthy and unfortune. With regard to the cost factor-pollution control systemthemselves have a calculable cost- the added worth of supporting apopulation through wages, infrastructure through taxes and health care through employeebenefits which offest the acceptance of a level of pollution aremore difficult to peg. Pollution is the introduction of a contaminant into theenvironment. It is created mostly by human actions, but can also bea result of natural disasters . Pollution has a detrimental effect on any living organism inan environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life.Itsharms the Earth’s environment and its inhabitants in manyways.There are three types of polutions, land pollution,airpollution and water pollution. Causes of land pollution are chemical and neulear plants,Industrial factories,human sewage ,deforestation,littering and muchmore.Here are some facts about land polllution;Land pollutioncauses us to lose 24 billion tons of top soil every year,We throwaway enough trash every day to fill 63,000 garbage trucks,Over 80%of items in landfills can be recycled, but they’re not.Thebest way to prevent land pollution is to recycle.We can alsoprevent the land pollution to buy biodegradable products,Store allliquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers. Air pollution is the accumulation of hazardous substances intothe atmosphere that danger human life and other living matter.Wecause air pollution directly through our use of electricity, fuels,and transportation. We also cause air pollution indirectly, when webuy goods and services that use energy in their production anddelivery. Most of this air pollution we cause results from theburning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, andgasoline to produce electricity and power our vehicles. The effectsof air pollution on human health and the environment have economicimpacts. According to the Healthy People 2000 report , each year inthe United States: The health costs of human exposure to outdoor air pollutantsrange from $40 to $50 billion. People with asthma experience more than 100 million days ofrestricted activity, costs for asthma exceed $4 billion, and about4,000 people die of asthma. he number one way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bikemore and drive less. This will prevent fossil fuels from pollutingthe air. Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, biologicaland physical matter into large bodies of water that degrade thequality of life that lives in it and consumes it.The causes ofwater pollutions are industrial waste,marine dumping,householdchemical and much more.Some facts of water polution ,Overtwo-thirds of U.S. estuaries and bays are severely degraded becauseof nitrogen and phosphorous pollution,Over 73 different kinds ofpesticides have been found in the groundwater that we eventuallyuse to drink.The best way to prevent water pollution is to notthrow trash and other harmful chemicals into our watersupplies.Don’t throw trash, chemicals or solvents into sewerdrains.Use non-toxic cleaning materials. The control of toxins in workplace environments like thatofindustries there is a no impact level for pollutant. Risk isanalyzed on the fact that zero is risk is never attinable. With regard to the cost factor-pollution control systemthemselves have a calculable cost- the added worth of supporting apopulation through wages,infrastructure through taxes and healthcare through employee benefits which offest the acceptance of alevel of pollution are more difficult to peg.These would come intoplay in calculating"regardless of cost".In the example of the useof fertilizers and pesticides in the agribusiness,the totalelimination of these potential pollutant could cause masive foodshortages and starvation-not a cost that people would be willing topay.