Please answer each part please Questions 1.Why is the genome sequencing project
ID: 144556 • Letter: P
Question
Please answer each part please
Questions
1.Why is the genome sequencing project of the introduced organisms important?
a. Haemophilus influenza genome
b. Human genome
c. Neanderthal genome
d. The giant panda genome
e. The barley genome
2. Which sequencing method was used for each genome project?
a. Haemophilus influenza genome
b. Human genome
c. Neanderthal genome
d. The giant panda genome
e. The barley genome
3. How different is the genome size of the five organisms?
a. Haemophilus influenza genome
b. Human genome
c. Neanderthal genome
d. The giant panda genome
e. The barley genome
4. Compare and contrast Chain Termination DNA sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing.
a. The basic principles of the sequencing method
b. Pros and Cons of each method
Explanation / Answer
Haemophilus influenza genome-- Haemophilus influenza is an important human pathogen that primarily infects small children. In recent years, H. influenza serotype a has emerged as a significant cause of invasive disease among indigenous populations. The genome consists of 1,830,140 base pairs of DNA in a single circular chromosome that contains 1740 protein-coding genes. sequencing is done to understand the structure of the DNA and its base pairs understanding so that we can change the structure of the sequence to prevent the diseases in human body.
Human genome-- The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international thirteen-year project that began on October 1990. Its importance is because it uses information from DNA to develop new ways to treat, cure, or even prevent the thousands of diseases that afflict humankind. As researchers learn more about the functions of genes and proteins, this knowledge will have a major impact in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and the life sciences. By studying the similarities and differences between human genes and those of other organisms, researchers can discover the functions of particular genes and identify which genes are critical for life.
Neanderthal genome-- The study expands our knowledge of the extent to which Neanderthals and Denisovans contributed a functionally relevant genetic variation to modern humans. medical records showed that the persistence of Neanderthal DNA in individuals genomes was linked to certain clinical traits such as depression. so sequencing of Neanderthal will help in understanding the root cause of depression which will be the largest medical issue in the recent times.
The giant panda genome-- The giant panda is a much-loved animal all over the world and is considered a symbol of China. the panda genome is sequenced which will help in collecting data and will aid in understanding the genetic and biological underpinnings of this unique species, especially with regard to its very specific niche in the environment and the molecular mechanisms of its evolution. more importantly, it is the first genome project to be undertaken specifically to gather information that will contribute to conservation efforts for an endangered species. The giant panda is a global conservation symbol and deserving of such an effort. researchers will do a survey of the genetic variations in the panda population. The map of the panda's genome and the transcriptome studies will provide an unparalleled amount of information to aid in understanding both current and past status of the species, including historical population size, current levels of inbreeding, precise estimates of gene-flow, and past connectedness between the two different mountain-top giant panda populations.
The barley genome-- The lack of a physical map and complete sequence of the barley genome is related to the scale of a barley genome project. As this far exceeds the capacity of individual laboratories, it triggered the formation of the International Barley Genome Sequencing Consortium. The barley roadmap will help in building a high-quality genome sequence which will include the construction of a genetically anchored physical map and more robust development of barley. Sequencing the genome of barley-- an agriculturally and industrially important cereal crop and a useful diploid model for bread wheat, has become a realistic undertaking. Important steps have been initiated to improve genomics tools, build and anchor a physical map, develop a high-density genetic map, assess new sequencing technologies, and generate substantial datasets of genomic survey information. These are coordinated through an international consortium. A high-quality reference genome sequence will not only further promote our understanding of genome evolution but also blaze the trail toward genomics-based crop improvement. It will inform our understanding of previously sequenced grass and other plant genomes and will become a further milestone toward understanding grass genomics and systems biology.
basic principles of the sequencing method--
Chain Termination DNA sequencing-- based on the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication.
Next Generation Sequencing-- The principle behind Next Generation Sequencing(NGS) is similar to that of Sanger sequencing, which relies on capillary electrophoresis. The genomic strand is fragmented, and the bases in each fragment are identified by emitted signals when the fragments are ligated against a template strand.
Pros and Cons of each method--
Chain Termination DNA sequencing pros and cons-
pros------
cons-------
Next Generation Sequencing pros and cons-
pros
cons