Polylinkr a. Method to determine if foreign DNA h\"\' been ed into the lad How m

Question

Polylinkr a. Method to determine if foreign DNA h"' been ed into the lad How many molecules of the vector can be oud in a cell C d Means to select for the cells that received vector Region of DNA with many restriction enryime sites 57 Match the specific cloning vectors with their features in Shuttle vectors Bacteriophage vectors Cosmids Artificial Chromosomes_ a A series of vectors containing large pieces of DNA that can be used to sequence an entire genome Contains origins of replication for two organisms and can be transferred back and forth between them. b. e Viral genomes with many senes removed so that foreign DNA can be inserted packaged, d. Vector containing only viral cos sites plus foreign DNA and transferred to Ecol 58. Match the following protein to its function (a-e) during replication DNA polymerase DNA gyrase Single-stranded binding protein_ Keeps the two complementary strands of DNA separated. a. b. Untwists strands of DNA. c. Links the 3'-OH to the 5'-POs forming the phosphodiester bridge. d. Processively adds a complementary nucleotide to the 3'end of a new strand of DNA e. RNA polymerase used to synthesize short RNA primers 59. With respect to replication, match the following terms to its description. Origin of replication Okazaki fragments Semi-conservative Replisome Telomeres a. Specific AT-rich sequence where replication begins b. Special structures found at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes c. Each new molecule consists of one completely new strand and one completely o d. Small pieces of DNA on the lagging strand of DNA e. Overall complex of proteins involved in replication

Explanation / Answer

57

Shuttle vectors: A shuttle vector (usually a plasmid) can propagate in two different hosts and hence a DNA of interest inserted into a shuttle vector can be tested or manipulated in two different host cell types

Ans:b

Bacteriohage chromosomes: Bacteriophage vectors have a head that contains the viral DNA and a long tail which is used in attachment of the virus to bacterial cells. The original virus has a set of genes that allows the viral DNA to insert itself into the bacterial chromosome. These genes are often replaced by new gene of interest.

Ans:c

Cosmids: A cosmid is a plasmid that contains phage sequences (cos sequence of viral origin) that allows the vector to be packaged and transmitted to bacteria like a phage vector

Ans:d

Artificial chromosomes: Artificial chromosomes are genetically engineered chromosomes derived from the DNA of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or bacteria or even humans ligated into bacterial plasmids.

Ans:a

58

DNA polymerase: DNA polymerase synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides comlementary to a template strand by linking of the 3 hydroxyl group of the end nucleotide to the 5 phosphate of nucleotide.

Ans:d

DNA ligase:It is an enzyme that forms a phosphodiester bond at a single-strand break in a DNA molecule, between a 3-OH group and a 5-monophosphate.

Ans:c

DNA gyrase: It is a topoisomerase enzyme that relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by another enzyme called helicase

Ans:b

single stranded binding proteins: They bind to and stabilize the single-stranded DNA molecules during replication and other processes.

Ans:a

Primase: It is a RNA polymerase enzyme, meaning it synthesizes short RNA sequences known as primers which are in turn used in DNA synthesis as starting points.

Ans:e

59

Origin of replication: Origin of relication refers to a stretch of sequence of DNA at which replication begins. It is AT rich to promote stable binding of machinery and hence succesful begining of replication.

Ans: a

Okazaki fragments: They are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed comlementary to (on the) lagging template strand during DNA replication as a result of discontinuous replication of this strand.

Ans:d

Semi conservative  DNA replication is said to be a semi-conservative process, because in it a newly formed double-stranded DNA molecule consists of one newly synthesised strand and one strand belonging to the original molecule which began to undergo the replication.

Ans:c

Replisome: Replisome refers to the entire molecular machinery that carries out DNA replicationIt.

Ans:e

Telomeres: Telomeres are regions consisting of repetitive nucleotide sequences present at each end of a chromosome. They protect the end of the chromosome from deterioration

Ans: b

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