Answer the following question given in Nutrition and Chronic Disease class. For

Question

Answer the following question given in Nutrition and Chronic Disease class. For each (letter a, b, and c) Use the words together in 1 -3 sentences (you need to show how they relate to each other, not just what each one means) Please especially do the ones with red text next to them indicating what they are referring to. Randomization, intention to treat, per protocol, confounding factors (referring to nutritional study designs) Hyperglycemia, REE, sepsis, overfeeding, indirect calorimetry (referring to overfeeding in ICU patients) Adaptive immunity, innate immunity, cytokines, immunoglobulins (referring to the body's response to acute (injury) stress vs. the body's response to chronic (starvation) stress.) GRV, gastroparesis, aspiration, PEG, PEJ Eicosanoids, anti-inflammatory, thrombotic hypotensive, omega-3, omega-6 oligosaccharides, bacterial flora, fermentable, amylose

Explanation / Answer

a) Intention to treat analysis maintains the original comparability of treatment groups achieved after randomization due to which confounding is reduced and there is no bias. Confounding factors are those that may influence treatment and outcome measures, such as demographics, prognostic factors, and other characteristics that might influence someone to participate in or withdraw from a trial.A per protocol analysis for a trial may be biased because participants may be excluded after randomization if they did not complete the protocol of the allocated treatment which means that the original comparability of the treatment groups in baseline characteristics achieved by randomization had not been maintained and hence would result in confounding.

b) Overfeeding may result in hyperglycemia and increased risk of infectious complications such as sepsis. Indirect calorimetry can reduce chances of overfeeding by providing a fairly accurate and patient-specific estimation of calories that the body uses at rest which is known as REE(Resting Energy expenditure.)

c)Acute stress can be immunoenhancing and can augment both innate and adaptive immunity response.Acute stress experienced prior to antigen response enhances innate immunity and memory T cell formation.In contrast chronic stress dysregulates innate and adaptive immune responses by shifting immunological balance from type 1 to type 2 cytokine-mediated immunity. Cytokines mediate immunoglobulin class switching

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