Physical and chemical processes proceed in such a way that the entropy of the sy
ID: 169748 • Letter: P
Question
Physical and chemical processes proceed in such a way that the entropy of the system becomes maximal is a statement of the_. The ______energy of a system is that part of the total energy available to do cellular work A reaction that requires an input of free energy is described as_____ A reaction that releases energy is A spontaneous reaction Is one in which the change in _____energy has a negative value. The energy required to initiate a reaction is called _____energy A substance that affects the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction h a(n)___ _are biological catalysts produced by cells. Enzymes and their substrates combine temporarily to form a(n)__ complex. The region of an enzyme molecule that combines with the substrate is the_. An organic cofactor is a(an)__ A(an)_inhibitor binds to the active site of an enzyme. What is activation energy? What effect does a catalyst have on the required actuation energy? Give the function of each of the folloExplanation / Answer
1) Activation energy:
Activation energy is an initial energy input, which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds, is called as the activation energy (EA )
An enzyme catalyst provides a new reaction pathway in which lowers activation energy is offered. Catalyst increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy and speedup the reaction.
2) Functions of active site of enzyme:
Active site is an area of enzyme where the substrate binds and undergo for a chemical reaction. In active site amino acids of the enzyme binds to the substrate.
Functions of coenzyme:
A coenzyme is an organic non-protein compound that binds with an enzyme to catalyze a reaction. Coenzymes are often broadly called cofactors, but they are chemically different. A coenzyme cannot function alone, but can be reused several times when paired with an enzyme. An enzyme without a coenzyme is called an apoenzyme. Without coenzymes or cofactors, enzymes cannot catalyze reactions effectively. In fact, the enzyme may not function at all.
Functions of allosteric site:
The allosteric site is a site other than the active site on an enzyme, where molecules other than the substrate bind. When molecules bind to an allosteric site, they change the enzyme's confirmation or shape, which changes how well the enzyme binds to its substrate.
3) Factors influencing enzyme functions:
Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed 1) Temperature 2) pH 3) Enzyme concentration 4) Substrate concentration 5) The presence of any inhibitors or activators.
- Temperature: Velocity of an enzyme reaction increases with increase in temperature up to a maximum and then declines. Velocity of an enzyme reaction increases with increase in temperature up to a maximum and then declines. Majority of the enzymes become inactive at higher temperature (above 70°C)
- pH: Increase in the pH considerably influences the enzyme activity Most of the enzymes of higher organisms show optimum activity around neutral pH (6-8). There are, however, many exceptions like pepsin (1-2), acid phosphatase (4-5) and alkaline phosphatase (10-11) for optimum pH.
- Enzyme concentration: As the concentration of the enzyme is increased, the velocity of the reaction proportionately increases. In fact, this property of enzyme is made use in determining the activities of serum enzymes for diagnosis of diseases.