In the 21st century, geo-modelling and numeric simulation assume a central role
ID: 1765560 • Letter: I
Question
In the 21st century, geo-modelling and numeric simulation assume a central role in the design and risk analysis of geotechnical engineering projects. A variety of conceptual models have been proposed, and many site characterisation, modelling and simulation workflows have been developed for this purpose. a) Enlist and describe the typical steps of the workflow of a field-data-based numerical simulation study. (11 marks) b) Explain the difference between the conceptual model and the simulation model. (4 marks) c) What is the difference between verification and validation of a numeric model and how are models verified and validated? (5 marks) d) Enlist the steps of a finite-element computation of steady-state fluid pressure and Darcy velocity. What conditions need to be applied to such a model in order to obtain a unique solution? (5 marks) In the 21st century, geo-modelling and numeric simulation assume a central role in the design and risk analysis of geotechnical engineering projects. A variety of conceptual models have been proposed, and many site characterisation, modelling and simulation workflows have been developed for this purpose. a) Enlist and describe the typical steps of the workflow of a field-data-based numerical simulation study. (11 marks) b) Explain the difference between the conceptual model and the simulation model. (4 marks) c) What is the difference between verification and validation of a numeric model and how are models verified and validated? (5 marks) d) Enlist the steps of a finite-element computation of steady-state fluid pressure and Darcy velocity. What conditions need to be applied to such a model in order to obtain a unique solution? (5 marks)Explanation / Answer
A-Typical steps of workflow of a field-data-based numerical simulation study
1st-Definition Of the problem-Ths is the primary stage which determines the objective of the study and what need to be solved.The problem is define with respect to objective observation of the process to be studied.
2nd-Planning of the project-the project is broken into the part with respect to specific criteria and alloted to the special skilled party or group for that particular.and also a date line is given for completion of the part of project assigened for group.
3rd-Dfiniton of system-In this step the performance analysed and component of the system is modelled
4th-Analysis and collection of input data-When model formulated ,the type of data collected is determined. .existng data is collected and should be fitted to theoratical distribution.For examaple the rate of arrival of a part of the manufacturing plant shows a normal distribution curve.
5th-Translaion of the model- In this step the model can be translated into the programing launguage
6th-Verification and validaton- verificaton is the process to cross check and the validation is the process to check the existing data and theoratical data are the satisfying each other.
7th-Analysis and experimentation- this step nvoled the analysis and to improvise the experiment.
8th-Documentation and emplementation- This is the last step whch include the collection of the new data and emplementation accordingly
B-The difference between conceptual model and simulaton model
Conceptual Model- Conceptual model is the creating a physical replica,equation,situation or activity.For example a civil engineer model a small size of building to show the client that how it will look like after construction and take the suggestion .More broadly a conceptual model can be understood by a simple harmonic equation with its boundry conditon .
Simulaton Model- Smulation model is the vitual representaton of the process that how it wll work in physical form.If a civil engineering represent that how the lift of the building work ,how the traffic goes on the bridge .how the room look like in the defferent lighting then these all are the simulation modelling.
C-Verification and validation of the numeric model-verification is the to ckeck that the process going on is same as intented in the theory or design verification is the nessessary part but it does mean not that a verified process is validated .when the verifification collabarorate in other word if the checked data shows same as the intended work then it is validated .
the verificaton is done by the debuggng or animation
D- In 19th Centuary ,A Hydraulic Engineer Henery Darcy inlarge and modernise the water works in dijon.the sand was used as filler but the science of the water flow through the porus or permeable media was unknown.
According to the darcy's law in the laminar flow the discharge throught a cross sectionl area A is directly proportional to the cross sectional area and the hydraulic gradient i
Q=kiA
here K-proportinality constant
i-hydraulic gradient
A-cross sectonal area
since Q=AV (Velocity*Area)
So from here we can get the velocity of the fluid flow
the above discussed is the only theoratical part in the actual at the work site it is not so easy to fined the same phenomenon .for the safety purpose the maximum burt conditon to be applied that is the the maximum hydraulic pressure is considered while going through the theoratical calculation .means the crux of the problem s the hydraulic gradient which flactuate the value more if change even slightly (i=H/L)
here h is the head/height of the water from the datum line and L is the length along the stream line