The mechanism of activation of adenylate cyclase and production of cAMP can be d
ID: 177236 • Letter: T
Question
The mechanism of activation of adenylate cyclase and production of cAMP can be described as (page 81 of your handout book): L + R doubleheadarrow^k_f_k_r C, C + E doubleheadarrow^k_c_k_u E - C rightarrow^k_a E* + C(rightarrow^k_d E + C) To develop the model, steady-state kinetic experiments were performed to understand the activation of the enzyme adenylate cyclase as function of time, ligand concentrations, receptor numbers on the cellular surface, and enzyme numbers (results were shown as Figure 5-6 and Figure 5-7 on pages 81-82 of your handout book). These experiments were designed to probe the kinetics of activation of enzyme and accumulation of cAMP during period of steady state receptor/ligand binding to the beta-adrenergic receptor on erythrocytes. All experiments were performed in the presence of GppNHp which is the non-hydrolyzable GTP analog preventing the deactivation of activated G-proteins. Please provide a rationale and a brief description how (1) concentrations of ligand (L- epinephrine), (2) numbers of receptor (beta-adrenergic receptor) (3) numbers of the activated enzyme (adenylate ayclase), and (4) level of the activated G-protein could be controlled in these measurements.Explanation / Answer
L-EPINEPHRIN:epinepherin is also know as adrenalin or adrenaline.It is a harmone,medication and neurotransmitter,as a medication it is used to treat or control many conditions include cardiac arrest and superficial blending. common side effect include shaking,anxiety and sweating.heart rate and blood pressure may increase it may result in abnormal heart rhythm. .2)beta adrengic receptors of myocardium play an major role in the regulation of heart beat.there are 3 types *beta1;beta2and beta3badrenoreceptors.all these receptors will use in changing of receptors when heart fails. 3)adenylate cyclase is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in essential cells.It is the most polyphyletic known enzyme.epinephrinebinds its receptor that assosiates with a heterotrimreic Gprotein. 4)Gprotein also known as guanine nucleotide binding protein that acts as molecular switches inside the cells .there activity regulates the cell and controlles their ability to bind.In molecular biology the cyclase assosiate protein family (CAP).It is of highly conserved actin binding proteins present in wide range of organisms.