Can anyone please help me with the following assignment . I need to answer the f
ID: 187894 • Letter: C
Question
Can anyone please help me with the following assignment . I need to answer the following questions according to an article and a link below. Both links are posted below with the questions.https://youtu.be/KXWurAmtf78
Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5378303/
Questions.
1a) . Describe how this new viral communication system discovered works. Describe the key experiment(s) that these scientists performed to determine how the system works?
1b) How is it similar and how is it different from the quorum sensing system in bacteria?
Can anyone please help me with the following assignment . I need to answer the following questions according to an article and a link below. Both links are posted below with the questions.
https://youtu.be/KXWurAmtf78
Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5378303/
Questions.
1a) . Describe how this new viral communication system discovered works. Describe the key experiment(s) that these scientists performed to determine how the system works?
1b) How is it similar and how is it different from the quorum sensing system in bacteria?
Can anyone please help me with the following assignment . I need to answer the following questions according to an article and a link below. Both links are posted below with the questions.
https://youtu.be/KXWurAmtf78
Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5378303/
Questions.
1a) . Describe how this new viral communication system discovered works. Describe the key experiment(s) that these scientists performed to determine how the system works?
1b) How is it similar and how is it different from the quorum sensing system in bacteria?
https://youtu.be/KXWurAmtf78
Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5378303/
Questions.
1a) . Describe how this new viral communication system discovered works. Describe the key experiment(s) that these scientists performed to determine how the system works?
1b) How is it similar and how is it different from the quorum sensing system in bacteria?
Explanation / Answer
Ans.
VIral communication system is way to communicate between the phage to decide wether to lyse the bacterial cell or to lysogenize.That means wether to replicate and kill the host or to integrate into the host genome and remain viable.
For this discovery scientist tried an experiment.
They prepared conditioned media from the culture of bacteria infected by phage during log phase of bacteria.Then the phage were allowed to stay with bacteria for three hours.Afterwards the media is filtered to remove bacteria and phage and then new bacteria were added into the media and infected with phage again and studied for infection dynamics.Control media was also prepared by growing bacterial cells in a media but was not infected by phage.afterwards it was filtered to remove the bacteria and agian new bacteria were added and infected by phage.
It was seen that infection dynamics of conditioned media was very different from control media.Bacteria that were grown later in conditioned media were not lysed by phage unlike contro media in which all the bacteri were killed.
Bacteria in condtioned media could save themselves because a small peptide molecule was released by former bacteria which is detected by phage and then they decide not to lyse the host.
After study it was proved that this small peptide was a protein which was checked by action of peptidase.
phages use communication peptides in order to decide whether to enter a lytic cycle or lysogenize the infected bacterium. In a sense, the communication mechanism we described allows an offspring phage to communicate with its ancestors, i.e., measure the amount of the predecessor phages that completed successful infections in prior cycles. The biological logic behind this strategy is clear: when a single phage encounters a bacterial colony, there is ample prey for the progeny phages that are produced from the first cycles of infection, and hence a lytic cycle is preferred. In later stages of the infection dynamics the number of bacterial cells is reduced to a point that progeny phages are at risk of no longer having a new host to infect. Then, it is logical for the phage to switch into lysogeny to preserve chances for viable reproduction
b.. Since communication peptides in Bacillus quorum sensing systems are frequently imported into the cell by the oligopeptide permease transporter (OPP), we tested phage infection dynamics in bacteria in which an essential subunit of the OPP transporter, oppD, was deleted.The phage-derived conditioned medium lost its effect when the bacteria lacking the functional OPP were infected by phi3T, suggesting that the active substance in the conditioned medium is a 3aa-20aa long peptide, which is the size range of peptides that can be imported by the OPP transporter of Gram positive bacteria