QUESTION 2 Which role does calmodulin play in the intracellular cascade triggere

Question

QUESTION 2 Which role does calmodulin play in the intracellular cascade triggered by Ca It serves as a Ca2+ sensor when neurotransmitter is released. 2+ It serves as a Ca buffer It modulates the strength of Ca binding to its downstream targets 2+ QUESTION 3 What is the greatest advantage of the chemical signal transduction scheme? Activation of remote targets Specificity Activation of immediate targets Signal amplification QUESTION 4 Cell X fires an action potential and releases GABA onto Cell Y. Assuming only GABAA receptors are present on the postsynaptic membrane, which is at rest at -55mV, which ion is responsible for the changes that would be observed? Potassium Calcium Sodium Chloride

Explanation / Answer

Answer: All are true (A, B, C, D)

Explanation: When acetylcholine neurotramitter binds endothelial cells it will activate G-protein coupled receptors, that will produce inositol triphosphate which will in turn act on endoplasmic reticulum and releases the calcium from it. The released calcium binds Calmodulin and Calmodulin activates Nitric acid oxidase. When calcium activates Calmodulin it binds CaM kinase II, it causes conformational change of latter and activating it leading to downstream signaling. Buffering of calcium by Calmodulin has a major role in inhibiting vesicular release and modulates short term synaptic plasticity.

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