QUESTION 2 Which role does calmodulin play in the intracellular cascade triggere
ID: 193365 • Letter: Q
Question
QUESTION 2 Which role does calmodulin play in the intracellular cascade triggered by Ca It serves as a Ca2+ sensor when neurotransmitter is released. 2+ It serves as a Ca buffer It modulates the strength of Ca binding to its downstream targets 2+ QUESTION 3 What is the greatest advantage of the chemical signal transduction scheme? Activation of remote targets Specificity Activation of immediate targets Signal amplification QUESTION 4 Cell X fires an action potential and releases GABA onto Cell Y. Assuming only GABAA receptors are present on the postsynaptic membrane, which is at rest at -55mV, which ion is responsible for the changes that would be observed? Potassium Calcium Sodium ChlorideExplanation / Answer
2) Calmodulin function as an mediator protein that senses levels of calcium andsend signals to different calcium-sensitive enzymes, ion channels and different proteins. It is a ubiquitous protein present in all eukaryotic cells. Its role in different processes such as muscle contraction, cell cycle regulation, intracellular signalling, phosphorylation, and fertilization. Intracellular target of second messenger is calmodulin and the Ca2+ binding is essential for the calmodulin activation. Calmodulin acts as part of a calcium signal transduction pathway once bound to Ca2+, by changing its interactions with different target proteins like kinases or phosphatases.
3) One advantage of signal transduction pathway is amplifying a signal resulting in bigger response. Another benefit is that it gives the chance for coordination as well as regulation.
4)The GABA receptors respond to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acts as an inhibitory compound in the central nervous system of mature vertebrate. Binding of GABA molecules to ionotropic GABAA receptors in the receptor's extracellular part results in the opening of a chloride ion-selective pore, which is responsible for the charges that would be observed.