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Ch 7 Wkst-Compatibility Mode Review View Help Tell me what you want to do References Mailings 5- a-.w .LNormal ITNo Spac." Heading 1 Title Styles Paragraph 5. Using the article below, how is the Ames test related to cancer research? 11, 2016 The Test That Prevented Millions of Cancers. By Julianna LeMieus November m in the 1970s, an assay was developed by Dr. Bruce Ames that revolutionized the ability to test if a compound causes cancer or not. Since then, the Ames test has been used on everything from food dyes to pesticides. The power of the Ames test is not only that it is incredibly efficacious, but also that it is inexpensive and relatively easy to do. The test is based on a brilliant observation made by Dr. Ames. He realized that there is a strong linkage between the ability to cause mutations in DNA and the ability to cause cancer. To simplify what is an incredibly complicated process, the more mutations that something creates (or, the more mutagenic it is) the more likely it is to cause cancer. Fewer mutations less cancerous in order to understand whether or not something causes cancer, you have to understand how the Ames test works. The assay takes advantage of certain strains of bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium) that have been altered in multiple ways that make them well suited to be used in this test. For example, they have been made "leaky" so that the compounds being tested can enterinto the bacterial cells. But, the key reason that these bacteria are so useful - stay with me here is due to their inability to make an essential amino acid- histidine - which is required for survival. f bacteria (or any living organism) cannot make histidine, they cannot survive. The reason why these strains of Solmonelila typhimurjum, referred to as His . cannot make histidine is because they have a mutation in the genes that are responsible for histidine production Now for the assay. When these His- strains of Solmonella typhimurium are exposed to a compound that induces mutations in D responsible for histidine production a number af bacteria vwili regain the ablity to make hist dine. So, the Ames many genes. When some of those mutatons land in the genes that areExplanation / Answer
5. Cancer generally occur due to mutation in the tumour suppressor genes and leads to the uncontrolled growth of cells. According to the article, Ames test is related to cancer research as this test is used to identify whether the particular chemical is able to cause DNA mutation or to find whether this chemical is carcinogenic or not using bacteria. If the test result, come as “positive” it means that particular chemical is carcinogenic.
1. Human genome have approximately half of the genome as “transposable elements”. Transposable elements have an important role in human evolution. Some of the examples in support of this statement are
(a) Transposon have played an important role in the development of human embryo stem cells by merging to form RNA that is non-coding.
(b) Transposon role is also significant in maintain healthy brain.
2. Protoplast fusion work by following ways
(a) Protoplasts is taken from cells of bacteria using cell wall digestion by the enzyme lysozyme.
(b) Protoplasts fusion is induced by chemical like PEG or polyethylene glycol.
(c) This technology facilitate recombination between related species as well as unrelated species.