CHAPTER End-of-Chapter Questions , What percentage of the population is needed t
ID: 206198 • Letter: C
Question
CHAPTER End-of-Chapter Questions , What percentage of the population is needed to grow food for everyone in actvanced nations? a. 5% 90% d. 2% 50% a which of the folowing was not a basic principle of the Beimont Repon? b. autonomy e. justice d. privacy e. All of the above are included in the Belmont Report. 3. Which of the following is an incidental side effect of technology? a. Increased life-expectancy burdens the health care system. b. Decreased infant mortality contributes to overcrowding and more use of finite resources c Overcrowding because of increased ife expectancy or decreased infant mortality promotes the emergence of infectious diseases. d. Cars can enable a sick person to reach the hospital much faster than horses, but many people die in car accidents each year. e. All of the above are side effects of technology 4. What is one theory that describes why biological warfare creates more emotion than conventional warfare? a. because of a fear of the invisible (i.e., microorganisms) b. does not cause fear c. because of multi-drug resistant bacteria d. because of a lack in sufficient control mechanisms to contain an outbreak e. none of the above s. How has the supply of donated organs increased in European nations? a. Upon death, people are assumed to be donors unless pre-registered as non-donors. b. People are generally friendlier in European nations and are more willing to give, c. Payment for the organs is allowed in European nations; therefore, people are willing to donate more. d. The supply of donated organs has not increased in European nations e. none of the above 5. How has poverty contributed to the emergence of some antibiotic resistance bacteria? a The dosage and length of antibiotic treatment are decreased to save money programs in place that assure all Individuals have proper medications rich individuals b. Poverty has not contributed to the emergence because there are social access to health care as e. People in impoverished countries have the same ac Continued)Explanation / Answer
Q)2) which of the following was not a basic principle of Belmont Report?
Answer- d - all of the above included in Belmont report
Explanation- Beneficiaries, autonomy, justice , privacy all are included in belmont report,
Belmont report is a report created by the National commision for protection of Human subjects of Biomedical and behavioural Research.it is based on three principles i)Respect for person (It says to Treat people as autonomous (having the right to self-govern) and agents to protect those who have diminished autonomy (vulnerable populations), e.g. children, prisoners, elderly people. ii) Beneficence it means ( Maximizing benefits/minimizing risks ,should be done as a concrete obligation).iii) Justice ( 1.Everyone should get equal share 2. Distribution should be done as per need 3. benefits should be obtained as per individual effort 4. and according to societal contribution 5. also according to merit ).
Q3)which of the following is an incidental side effect of technology?
Answer- b) Decreased infant mortality contributes to the overcrowding and more use of finite resources.
Explanation- Incidental side effects are of two types positive and negative, as technology advances, it increases the survival rate of children as a result the population also increased , it indirectly affects the finite resources,as a rseult more resources are used.
Q)4) What is the theory that describes why biological warfare creates more emotions than conventional warfare?
Answer-a) Because of a fear of the invisible (i.e. microorganisms)
Explanation- Biological warfare is based on use of microorganisms (using toxins and microorganisms like virus , bacteria ) it is used to kill humans, plants animals or to make them deform. this is more dangerous than the conventional war fare.
Q)5)How was supply of donated organs increased in European nations?
Answer-a) Upon death people are assumed to be donors unless preregistered as non-donors.
Explanation- explicit opt-out systems says it is the default consent of a person to donate organ after death, unless he/ she expresses his/her refusal to become a potential donor. Explicit opt-out laws is used since long as a major step to increase the pool of potential donors in countries like Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. It is seen that the countries having, Explicit opt-out system of the organ donation system have 25-30% higher rate of organ donation than explicit consent rule implimented in countries.
Q)6) How was poverty contributed to the emergence of some antibiotic resistance bacteria?
AAnswer- a) The Dosage and length of antibiotic treatment are decreased to save money.
Explanation- As per World Health Organization, poverty and inadequate access to drugs are the major cause behind antibiotic resistance.There are many reasons for multidrug-resistance some of the causes are the inadequate access to effective drugs, the lack of money to pay for high-quality medications and also to take the entire course of antibiotics, by not taking the entire course the resistance of bacteria increases.