Study Guide -Exam 2 - Biology of Behavior ? What determines whether an individua

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Study Guide -Exam 2 - Biology of Behavior ? What determines whether an individual cell will be affected by a hormone? 2. Can you 3. In general, how do organizational effects of hormones differ from activational effects? give examples of hormonal effects on the nervous system, sensory perception, and muscles? How can the effects of hormones on behavior be studied? able to list hormones produced by the gonads, adrenal glands, pituitary, thyroid, and pineal gland and give examples of the effects of these hormones on behavior 6. What are pheromones arld how are they similar or different from hormones? What organ is often used by reptiles and mammals for pheromone detection? What affects are pheromones known to have on 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. some animals? How does hypothesis-driven (scientific) method of science differ from discovery science? What are the steps of the scientific method? What are the advantages and disadvantages of experiments? If experiments are not feasible, what are other ways of hypothesis-testing? What is a 'control group and why is it used? How is this different from controlled variables? When is a bar graph used? Line graph? Pie chart? What components should a graph possess? What are dependent and independent variables and on which axis are they plotted? Be able to define: genotype, phenotype, homologous pairs, diploid, haploid, alleles, homozygous, 13. heterozygous, dominant versus recessive, co-dominance, incomplete dominance 14. Contrast the functions of mitosis and meiosis 15. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction versus asexual reproduction? 16. What is the ultimate source of genetic variation? 17. What evidence do we have that genes influence the behavior of honeybees? Fruit flies? Humans? 18. Be able to describe how the 2 gene system for hygiene in honeybees works 19. How might one study whether human behavior has a genetic basis? 20. What is the difference between closed and open instincts? Give examples of each 21. What is imprinting? What types of imprinting are known to occur? 22. What is a fixed action pattern, releaser, sign stimulus, supranormal stimulus? What is a critical period? 23. Be familar with the terminology and principles behind classical conditioning and operant conditioning 24. Know the difference between positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment. What schedules of reinforcement are most effective? Know what is meant by "shaping" a behavior, jackpots, bridging stimuli

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