In the signaling of cells to initiate growth a host of genes designated immediat

Question

In the signaling of cells to initiate growth a host of genes designated immediate early genes become activated to initiate the growth process. What would happen to the the expression of these immediate early genes if Elk-1 was not able to to be dephosphorylated and why? Cytokine receptors frequently form dimers upon ligand binding, and these can be heterodimers or homodimers. Explain how this ability of the receptors to form different combinations of dimers allows three unique cytokines, each with a unique action, to arise from only two cytokine receptors

Explanation / Answer

1. When Elk-1 is phosphorylated by MAPK/ERK, it translocates to the nucleus and regulates chromatin remodelling, SRE-dependent transcription, and neuronal differentiation. But it is dephosphorylated by some inhibitors it leads to inactivation of the transcription factor Elk1. This Elk-1 inactivation leads to suppression of serum response element (SRE)-dependent transcription and a consequent decrease in the transcription of SRE-containing genes, such as c-fos.

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