I need help with this problem! The instructions are listed below in the picture.

Question

I need help with this problem! The instructions are listed below in the picture. I already created the 4 different cladograms. I need help with filling in the character table below (in the picture) and plotting each of the character traits onto each of the cladograms. Character Character Character Character Character Pelvic claspers scales Placoid fused to skull fins fused to head Salmon outgroup Chimaeras Sharks Rays 2) Fill in the character table above o"- absent "1" present). Then, test 4 different hypotheses for how these lineages of chondrichthyes are evolutionarily related. Do this by drawing 4 different cladogram possibilities and plot each of the character trais onto the tree. The most parsimonius cladogram (fewest times character traits have to 'evolve')is the most likely to reflect the actual evolutionary history 2. chimaeras Chimaeras 2a Shar KS KS Rays 4) 3) Chimeras Chimaeras Sharks Shaf KS Ra

Explanation / Answer

Salmon

The second cladogram is the most nearestin the evolutionary point. The chondrichthyes are divided into two sub-classes.

i. Sub-class: Elasmobronchi has sharks, rays, sketes and saw fish

ii. Sub-class: Holocephali has chimaeras.

Chmaera has characteristics of both bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes.

character 1 character 2 character 3 character 4 character 5 pelvic claspers placoid scales upper jae fused to skull plate gills pectoral fins fused to head

Salmon

0 0 1 1 0 Chimeara 1 0 1 1 1 Shark 1 1 0 0 0 Rays 1 1 0 1 0

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