I. What is the function of glycolysis and where does it occur? > to Split sugar?
ID: 218983 • Letter: I
Question
I. What is the function of glycolysis and where does it occur? > to Split sugar?to begin ener extraction 2. Why is fermentation necessary if there is insufficient oxygen for aerobic respiration? 3. Describe what happens to the C, H, and O in Acetyl-CoA during the Kreb's cycle (ie where do they end up?). What happens to the Co-A? 4. What is the function of oxygen in the ETC? How does oxygen get into the cell? 5. What is the function of the ETC (be specific)? 6. Where is the most ATP made in the mitochondrion? What provides the energy for it's production? 7. What effect would a toxin that inhibited the last enzyme in the ETC have on ATP production? Why? 8. What would happen if HI was allowed to leak out of the intermembrane space into the matrix without going through ATP synthase? (Hint: Think about the laws of thermodynamics- if the energy is not being used for work, what happens to it?)Explanation / Answer
1) Glycolysis is the catabolic process that breaks down glucose molecules into small organic molecule i.e. pyruvate to generate ATP molecule via cellular respiration process. ATP is the energy currency of the cell which is required for various biochemical reaction. One glucose molecule results in the formation of 32 ATP molecules via cellular respiration process. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.
2) Fermentation is required in the absence of oxygen molecule to metabolize the glucose molecules to form ATP molecules. Fermentation is an anaerobic process which generate only 2 ATP molecules after the catabolic reaction of 1 glucose molecule.
3) During the Kreb cycle H atom get fixed into electron carrier molecules like NAD+ and FAD+ molecules. These electron carrier molecules accept the hydrogen ion and get reduced itself to participate in the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation process to generate ATP molecules. The carbon and oxygen atoms are released in the form of carbon dioxide via decarboxylation reaction. The CoA is funneled back towards cytoplasm of the cell to form acetyl coA molecule from pyruvate to again participate in Kreb cycle.
4) The main function of ETC is to transport the electrons to the oxygen molecule to perform oxidative phosphorylation process inorder to generate ATP molecules for biochemical reactions. The oxygen atom gains entry inside the mitochondrial matrix by diffusing through the double layer of mitochondrial membrane.