Chapter 8 QUESTION 1 According to models developed by NOAA, by the end of the 21
ID: 235539 • Letter: C
Question
Chapter 8
QUESTION 1
According to models developed by NOAA, by the end of the 21st century, global sea level may rise as high as
0.2 m (0.7 ft).
0.5 m (1.6 ft).
1.2 m (3.9 m).
2.0 m (6.6 ft).
0.0625 points
QUESTION 2
The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report concludes
there is no consensus on recent climate trends; some maintain it is mostly human-caused, others maintain it is natural fluctuations.
that while climate change is occurring, it is largely natural climate fluctuations.
humans are likely (95% certainty) responsible for the temperature increase from 1951 to 2010.
it is highly doubtful that recent climate trends represent anything more than a temporary perturbation in the long-term climate signal.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 3
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxides (N2O)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
0.0625 points
QUESTION 4
Scientists attribute the recent rise in atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O) primarily to
agricultural activity.
wastewater management.
industrial practices.
automobile combustion.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 5
Changes in the orientation of Earth's axis over a 26,000-year cycle is known as
eccentricity.
obliquity.
precession.
inclination.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 6
Per capita emissions of total greenhouse gases are highest in
more-developed countries (MDCs).
less-developed countries (LDCs).
neither LDCs and MDCs; they are approximately equal.
non-populated areas since greatest emissions associated with volcanic eruptions.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 7
The legally binding international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is known as the
ICRW.
Kyoto Protocol.
Montreal Protocol.
CITES.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 8
Increased cloud cover resulting from warming temperatures may lead to either cloud albedo forcing or cloud greenhouse forcing. Cloud albedo forcing is an example of a ________ feedback loop and cloud greenhouse forcing is an example of a ________ feedback loop.
positive; positive
positive; negative
negative; positive
negative; negative
0.0625 points
QUESTION 9
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding Arctic sea ice?
Since 1979, summer sea ice minimum extent and winter sea ice maximum extent have declined.
In the summer, most to all sea ice melts, only to refreeze in the winter. However, less water has been refreezing over the past decade.
Summer sea ice reached its minimum extent in 2001 and has gradually increased since then.
Until recently, seasonal variations in sea ice extent were rare.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 10
The majority of human population growth is now occurring in
less-developed countries (LDCs).
more-developed countries (MDCs).
evenly between LDCs and MDCs.
neither LDCs or MDCs; world populations are declining.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 11
An estimated ________ people could be displaced by a sea level rise of 1.0 m (3.2 ft).
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000
130,000,000
0.0625 points
QUESTION 12
Since 1880, the year with the highest land surface temperature was
2010.
2014.
1985.
1998.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 13
The interdisciplinary study of the causes and consequences of changing climate for all Earth systems and the sustainability of human societies is
meteorology.
paleoclimatology.
climate change science.
climate policy.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 14
Fossil fuel burning accounts for over ________ percent of CO2 emissions.
20
50
70
85
0.0625 points
QUESTION 15
Which of the following has a negative radiative forcing (i.e. cools the planet)?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Stratospheric ozone (O3)
Nitrous oxides (N2O)
0.0625 points
QUESTION 16
During the last century, sea level
rose 17 to 21 cm (6.7 to 8.3 in.).
remained fairly constant, though some areas (such at the Atlantic coast) experienced moderate rises.
dropped 3 to 5 cm (1.18 to 3.15 in.).
rose 30 to 46 cm (11.8 to 18 in.).
0.0625 points
QUESTION 17
General circulation models (GCMs) of the atmosphere
calculate the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere based on data from weather stations located around the globe.
are highly simplistic models that use one or two variables to test the veracity of climate proxies, such as ice core and ocean sediment core samples.
are pre-computer based models that estimated atmospheric and oceanic circulation and are now being used to study climate change.
are based on statistical three-dimensional grids that characterize portions of the atmosphere and ocean in terms of climate-related variables.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 18
As air temperatures increase, evaporation increases, leading to more condensation and cloud formation. Low, thick cloud cover increases the albedo of the atmosphere, thereby having a cooling effect on Earth. This is an example of a
negative feedback loop.
positive feedback loop.
neither a positive or negative feedback loop.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 19
The ________ is a graph which plots monthly averages of CO2 concentrations since 1958.
Younger Dryas
Keeling Curve
PETM
MCA
0.0625 points
QUESTION 20
Which of the following is NOT an example of methods used for short-term climate reconstructions?
Speleothems analysis
Ocean sediment core analysis
Dendrochronology
Carbon isotope analysis
0.0625 points
QUESTION 21
Of the following greenhouse gases, which have actually decreased in atmospheric concentrations during the past 30 years?
Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
HFCs
Nitrous oxides (N2O)
0.0625 points
QUESTION 22
have remained relatively constant.
were much higher in the past than the present.
fluctuated over time, but have been increasing since the Industrial Revolution.
reached its maximum about 325,000 years before present.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 23
The most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere is
carbon dioxide (CO2)
water vapor (H2O)
methane (CH4)
nitrous oxide (N2O)
0.0625 points
QUESTION 24
Which of the following is NOT considered an important carbon sink?
The oceans
Farmlands
Rocks
Forest and soils
0.0625 points
QUESTION 25
The________ is the most recent epoch of repeated glaciation on Earth.
Pliocene
Miocene
Holocene
Pleistocene
0.0625 points
QUESTION 26
During the last 800,000, climate reconstructions show that CO2 Never changed more than ________ ppm upward or downward in any span of less than 1,000 years, though it has risen by this amount in the last 13 years.
30
60
120
240
0.0625 points
QUESTION 27
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to sea-level rise?
Thermal expansion of seawater
Melting of glaciers
Melting of ice sheets
Melting of sea ice
0.0625 points
QUESTION 28
The primary anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is
clearing and burning land.
rice farming.
burning of fossil fuels.
respiration.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 29
The three key elements of climate change science include the following EXCEPT
study of past climates.
establishing policy on CO2 emissions.
measurement of current climatic change.
projection of future climate scenarios.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 30
Of the following anthropogenic methane (CH4) sources, which is the largest?
Rice paddies
Livestock
Wastewater treatment
Agriculture associated fires
0.0625 points
QUESTION 31
global surface temperatures will increase throughout the 21st century, but at a very gradual rate.
global surface temperatures will increase until about mid-century, then steadily decrease.
global surface temperatures will increase throughout the 21st century, perhaps by as much as 4°C (7.2°F) by 2100.
global surface temperatures will cool during the most of the 21st century.
0.0625 points
QUESTION 32
Which of the following is INCORRECT?
Global warming affects overall climate.
Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) causes warming temperatures.
Human activities have increased the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases.
Scientists can definitively (100% certainty) attribute climate changes to anthropogenic causes alone.
0.2 m (0.7 ft).
0.5 m (1.6 ft).
1.2 m (3.9 m).
2.0 m (6.6 ft).
Explanation / Answer
QUESTION 1 Answer is 2.0 m (6.6 ft)
According to models developed by NOAA, by the end of the 21st century, global sea level may rise as high as 2.0m.
These estimations at least sea level will rise 0.2 m to as much as high 2.0m by 21st century.
But sea level will not be more than 2.0 meters.