This assignment is worth 10% of your final grade. Completing and understanding t
ID: 241975 • Letter: T
Question
This assignment is worth 10% of your final grade. Completing and understanding this content greatly assist you when you write the test for this unit. Make understanding the content ia will rk through this assignment! For full marks, you must show all of your work on th rovided! paper Due Date: Men have XY (or YX) chromosomes and women have Xx chromosomes. X-linked recessive genetic diseases (such as juvenile retinoschisis) occur when there is a defective X chromosome that occurs without a paired X chromosome that is good. In the following represent a defective a lowercase x so a child with the xYor Yx pair of chromosomes will ha or XY or YXor xXor Xx will not have the disease. Each parent contributes one of the child. Hint: You may want to set up a Punnett Square X chromosomew ve the disease and a child with XX chromosomes to the If a father has the defective x chromosome and the mother has good XX chromosomes, what is the probability that a daughter will inherit the disease? of E coll (Escherichia coli) bacteria. To reduce laboratory costs, water samples from five public swimming areas are combined for one test, and further testing is done only if the combined sample tests positive Based on past results, there is a 0.005 probability of finding E. coli bacteria in a public swimming area. 2. Find the probability that a combined sample from five public swimming areas will reveal the presence of E coli bacteria 3. Is that probability low enough so that further testing of the individual samples is rarely necessary? 4. In the Illinois Little Lotto game, you win the jackpot by selecting five different whole numbers from 1 through 39 and getting the same five numbers (in any order) that are later drawn. What is the probability of winning this game?Explanation / Answer
Question No.1
Men have X chromosome defective and women have good X chromosome that called as XXYY syndrome
48,XXYY syndrome is a chromosomal condition that causes infertility, developmental and behavioral disorders, and other health problems in males.
48,XXYY disrupts male sexual development. Adolescent and adult males with this condition typically have small testes that do not produce enough testosterone, which is the hormone that directs male sexual development. A shortage of testosterone during puberty can lead to reduced facial and body hair, poor muscle development, low energy levels, and an increased risk for breast enlargement (gynecomastia). Because their testes do not function normally, males with 48, XXYY syndrome have an inability to father children (infertility).
48,XXYY syndrome can affect other parts of the body as well. Males with 48,XXYY syndrome are often taller than other males their age with an average adult height of 6 feet 4 inches (193 cm). They tend to develop a tremor that typically starts in adolescence and increases with age. Dental problems are frequently seen with this condition; they include delayed appearance of the primary (baby) or secondary (adult) teeth, thin tooth enamel, crowded and/or misaligned teeth, and multiple cavities. As affected males get older, they may develop a narrowing of the blood vessels in the legs, called peripheral vascular disease. Peripheral vascular disease can cause skin ulcers to form. Affected males are also at risk for developing a type of clot called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that occurs in the deep veins of the legs. Additionally, males with 48,XXYY syndrome may have flat feet (pes planus), elbow abnormalities, abnormal fusion of certain bones in the forearm (radioulnar synostosis), allergies, asthma, type 2 diabetes, seizures, and congenital heart defects.
Most males with 48,XXYY syndrome have an IQ that ranges from 70-80 with some degree of difficulty with speech and language development. Learning disabilities, especially those that are language-based, are very common in males with this disorder. Affected males seem to perform better at tasks focused on math, visual-spatial skills such as puzzles, and memorization of locations or directions. Some boys with 48,XXYY syndrome have delayed development of motor skills such as sitting, standing, and walking that can lead to poor coordination. Affected males have higher than average rates of behavioral disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); mood disorders, including anxiety and bipolar disorder; and autism spectrum disorder, which affects communication and social interaction.
Frequency:
X Chromosome defect is estimated to affect 1 in 18,000 to 40,000 males.
Genitic changes:
This condition is not inherited; it usually occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm). An error in cell division called nondisjunction results in a reproductive cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes. In 48,XXYY syndrome, the extra sex chromosomes almost always come from a sperm cell. Nondisjunction may cause a sperm cell to gain two extra sex chromosomes, resulting in a sperm cell with three sex chromosomes (one X and two Y chromosomes). If that sperm cell fertilizes a normal egg cell with one X chromosome, the resulting child will have two X chromosomes and two Y chromosomes in each of the body's cells.
In a small percentage of cases, 48,XXYY syndrome results from nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes in a 46,XY embryo very soon after fertilization has occurred. This means that a normal sperm cell with one Y chromosome fertilized a normal egg cell with one X chromosome, but right after fertilization nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes caused the embryo to gain two extra sex chromosomes, resulting in a 48,XXYY embryo