Information: All organisms contain a tremendous amount of information in the for
ID: 261702 • Letter: I
Question
Information: All organisms contain a tremendous amount of information in the form of DNA, and that information is accessed selectively and used as needed. Organisms can also gather information from their environments (internal and external) and adapt accordingly. The process of evolution determines which information is lost, gained, or modified, resulting in the change of living organisms over many generations.
1. Final Question: Animals can store, gather, process, manipulate, and transfer information. All organisms contain a tremendous amount of information in the form of DNA. The genetic code is nearly universal, shared by organisms from the simplest bacteria to the most complex plants and animals. Explain two advances in the fields of molecular biology and medicine made possible by the universality of the genetic code, and the principles of the techniques underlying each.
2. Final Question: Information stored in DNA is accessed selectively and used as needed. Explain why cells control which genes are “on,” (expressed) or “off,” (not expressed), at any given time. Compare and contrast how groups of genes needed for a particular function are organized in regulated in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Explanation / Answer
1) Two advances possible by the universality of the DNA are:
i) Generation of a useful human peptide/protein in large scale with the help of recombinant DNA in bacteria. For example, insulin a widely used peptide for suppressing diabetes can be generated by creating a recombinant DNA of insulin bacteria. The bacteria will thus produce insulin enough quantity which can be purified and use for medicinal purposes.
ii) Generation of human organs in other organism for transplantion.
Organ transplantion is complicated process where in most of the cases it won't to successfully due to the immune rejection. To solve people have recently made chimeric pigs which can create human organ by recombinant DNA technology.
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