CHAPTER 7: Gallepers Gut 95 9. The ecology of digestion relies on the presence o
ID: 262693 • Letter: C
Question
CHAPTER 7: Gallepers Gut 95 9. The ecology of digestion relies on the presence of the right balance of microbial popula tions. For example, over a long period of time, antibiotic treatments ca in humans, and there are similar effects in cows and horses Describe the otics and the consequences to digestion n alleci digestion ses effect of antibi- Cows, horses, and humans all consume foods containing cellulose. However, none of these organisms produces enzymes that can break down cellulose Fermenting microbes in the stomach of cows convert cellulose to energy-rich fatty acids. Explain the fate of cellulose in horses and humans. 10. Il. Feeding Horses Wild horses are grazers that feed freely in grasslands. Their diet consists mainly of grasses and forbs (nongrass flowering plants). Domesticated horses are provided fewer choices. They are given access to either grass forage or hay that provides all or most of their required nutrients. To offset deficits in the quality and quantity of grass forage and hay, supplemental feed is provided. Often this feed contains additional vitamins and minerals and specialty feeds such as oats or corn 1. Grass forage and hay consist largely of structural carbohydrates in the form of fiber, prima- rily cellulose. The fiber provides the raw material necessary for the growth and maintenance of microbial flora required for good horse health. We know that fiber is processed mainly in the hindgut. However, where does the processing of the fiber begin? 2. When the yearling in the case showed signs of low weight gain, he was removed from the pasture. The owners increased his total amount of feed and provided a higher proportion of supplemental feed. The supplemental feed consisted of a mixture of lysine-rich field peas and cereal grains containing methionine and cystine. Why do you think the owners decided to incorporate more amino acids in the yearlings diet?Explanation / Answer
9. We all have bacterial flora in our gastrointestinal tract. Theis bacterial flora serves the function of giving perotection against pathogens, regulate process like metabolism, immunity and also protects against bacteria coloniation. However, antibiotics disturb and disrupts this flora which results in loss of proteiction against infections, toxin production by pathogens. Additionally consequitive addition of antibiotics could lead to bacterial resistance against those antibiotics.
10. Humans do not have the enzyme which is required to digect cellulose , Thus undigested forms of cellulose help intestinal tract to work smooth.Whether in hirse there is microorganisms ar epresent which helps to break apart cellulose to hemicellulose which is one of the source of energy,
II.1) The processing of the fiber starts at small intestine which is also known as foregut.
2) Amino acids are important part of the growing horse. This helps to muscle buildup or recover injuries in muscles. Horses are not able to make essential amino acids, thus they are supplied through feeding from outside.