Complete the following calculations and provide an explanation of your findings:
ID: 3022479 • Letter: C
Question
Complete the following calculations and provide an explanation of your findings: A study of hypertension begins with 1,000 men (ages 40–45). Of the 1,000 men, 50 are already hypertensive. The remaining 950 are tracked over the span of five years, during which time 64 additional men develop hypertension. (Assume there is no loss to follow-up or death due to competing risks).
a) Determine the prevalence of hypertension at the beginning of the study.
b) Calculate the five-year incidence proportion (risk) of hypertension.
c) Calculate the incidence rate of hypertension in the cohort with and without an actuarial adjustment. Did the actuarial adjustment make a difference? Explain your answer.
Explanation / Answer
(a). Prevalence = The proportion of individuals in a defined population that have a disease at a specified point in time
50/1000= 5%
(b). Incidence risk is the proportion of individuals in a population (initially free of disease) who develop the disease within a specified time interval.
64/950= 6.73%
(c). Incidence rates also measure the frequency of new cases of disease in a population. However, incidence rates take into account the sum of the time that each person remained under observation and at risk of developing the outcome under investigation
Total Person-time = 950*5=4750
Incidence rates=ew cases of disease in a population/Total Person-time=64/4750=1.34%
Incidence rates using actuarial adjustment= 64/(886 Non cases*5 years+64 cases*2.5 years)=64/4590=1.416%
Explanation : Some of the individuals doveloped disease between 0-5 years so they did not contribute for whole five years thats why Incidence rates using actuarial adjustment is less.