Pls answer both parts for Upvote a) Explain why lead triggers / or does not trig
ID: 302946 • Letter: P
Question
Pls answer both parts for Upvote
a) Explain why lead triggers / or does not trigger significant oxidative stress given the following data
b. In the last 50 years in Pennsylvania orchards (formerly important economic crop) where abandoned and eventually used for the development or nearby city. If the city knows the orchards used for a new urban development project was treated using heavy metal containing pesticides, what kind of policy could the city use to regulate the land use and prevent exposure of vulnerable populations?
Table 2. Antioxidative enzymes activity (?/mg protein/min) in liver and kidney of Cirrhinus cirrhosis after 0, (control), 15 and 30 days of Zinc (Zn) treatment, and after 30-day recovery period (n -6) TISSUEDAYS MDA GSH 53.06 ± 4.95% 10.60 ± 0.91* 59. 13 ± 4.94. 32.53 ± 4.8hc 12.13 ± 1.01? 48.73 ± 5-20-35.93 ± 2.2. 10.53 ± 0.78* 51.36 ± 6.40-de 34.13 ± 3.0ga GP 12.96 ± 0.98ak SOD CONTROL 843 ± 0.78" 29.10 ± 3.28d 10 40 ± 1.08d 13.30 ± 0.96? 13,56 ± 1.30* 14.40 ± 2.08-14. 16 ± 1.06, 12.33 ± 1.92". 13.20 ± 0.8ga' 18.20 ± 2.01-18.56 ± 1.43-f 22.73 ± 1.51. 24.76 ± l.98. 21.56 ± 2.11bc 15.13 ± 2.02" 1840 ± ?.95" 20.80 1.0gul 22.56 ±3.20 22.90 ± 1.66 21.33 ± 2.03k 15.13 ± 1.21e 1923 ± 1.08a 19.83 ± 1.44-a 30 DAYS RECOVERY CONTROL 9.19 ± 0.89f 49.66 ± 3.8 là 27.20 ± 4.30' 9.21 ± 1.01% 1 1 03 ± 0.8?- 12.90 ± 097, 53.70 ± 3.47-29,00 ± 2.7?- 11.60 ± 2.4?* 12.80 ± 1.03 14.53 ± 1.86' 45.50 ± 3.95, 32.46 ± 2.90-12.86 ± 1.8 1.k 13.60 ± 0.95a KIDNEY 30 DAYS Notes: SOD-Super Oxide Dismutase (u/mg protein/min), CAT- Catalase (u/mg protein/min), GPx-Glutathione Peroxidase (u'mg protein/min), GST- Glutathione S-transferase (u/mg protein/min), GRd- Glutathione reductase (u'mg protein/min), GSH- Reduced Glutathione (u/mg protein min), MDA-Malondialdehyde (umg protein min). The letters in superscript denote significant variation within columns (P?00S)Explanation / Answer
a. The data is given for the experiment with Zn, though the question mentions lead.
Compared to control, considering the other groups (15 days, 30 days and recovery), the oxidative stress due to zinc has affected the organism. Compared to control, the zinc has triggered oxidative stress. In liver and kidney, the level of all the antioxidative enzymes have increased. Liver is the most important detoxifying organ.
In 15 days, they have increased both in liver and kidney, to provide a defense mechanism against the zinc toxicity. At first, the immune system is activated to resist the toxicity, thus the antioxidant levels are increased. Later if the organ systems fail to provide the resistance against toxicity, the level in these enzymes show a decrease. After 30 days, the level of some enzymes have shown a decreasing level while most of them show a continuous increase against toxicity.
In recovery period, the enzyme level is trying to back to normal in liver, but that change is not intact in kidney. Liver is trying to remove all the toxins. Afterall, liver has resisted the toxic condition with its regenerative ability. In kidneys, the enzyme levels are slowly trying to come back to normal showing an improvement after a toxic exposure.
b. The Govt. made the policy to convert the orchard into residential areas. According to increasing demand for housing and related community resources means more land is being converted from agricultural uses to residential applications. As per the revised 1997 National Resources Inventory conducted by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, more than 6 million acres of American farmland were converted to developed uses between 1992 and 1997. Still, the environmental issues remain with the remnants of lead and arsenate in the topsoil.