Collecting, Analyzing and Comparing two Quantitative Data Sets. 1. Decide on a q
ID: 3072023 • Letter: C
Question
Collecting, Analyzing and Comparing two Quantitative Data Sets. 1. Decide on a question about quantitative data that compares two populations or groups. For example, suppose we want to find out whether part time Calstatela students or full time Calstatela student work more. Notice I would need two bits of information. If the student is a full or part time student and how many hours per week they work. You will then be analyzing the quantitative variable (hours of work) for each of the two groups. Be specific about the population and make the question address a quantitative variable. 2. Devise a method for taking a sample. The sample does not have to be large or randomly selected, but those are better. Part of your report will be to describe your sampling method and how well it applies to the population. For example, you may use a voluntary response survey, but in the report you will say that the sample data will not apply very well to the population. Also talk about the different kinds of bias if you write questions for people to answer, make sure to avoid question bias. 3. Collect your data. You should have two quantitative data sets each having at least 20 values. 4. Write a paragraph describing the method used to collect the data and if the data represents the population you are after. Also describe the various types of bias that could be present. 5. Use Statcrunch to analyze your data sets. Include, sample statistics for both data sets, dot plots, box plots and histograms for both data sets. There should be a total of 7 graphs. Also copy and paste the summary statistics from the computer program. There should be min, max, mean, standard deviation, mode, range, median, Q1, Q3, and IQR. Analyze all the sample statistics. Describe the shape, outliers, center and spread for each data set. Now compare the averages and typical values for the two groups. Which group had the higher average? Which group had more spread? Do the typical ranges of the groups overlap? Do you think the difference between the averages was significant? Why? 1. Introduction Paragraph – Why was this data important or interesting to you? (10 points) 2. Data Paragraph - Discuss how you collected the data and how well it applies to the population and if there were any sources of bias present. (10 points) 3. Dot Plot for each data set – Describe the two dot plots. (10 points) 4. Histograms for each data set – What is the true shape each of the two data sets? (Must have appropriate number of bins) (10 points) 5. Side by Side Boxplot or two separate box plots – Analyze the two boxplots. Are there any outliers in the data set? Are they mistakes? Should we leave them in the data set or take the outliers out? (10 points) 6. Sample Statistics and what the statistic tells us about the data sets. a. Minimum and Maximum Value for both data sets (5 points) b. Total frequency. How many numbers are in each of the two data set? (These do not have to be the same.) (5 points) c. Mean for each of the two data sets (5 points) d. Median for each of the two data sets (5 points) e. Mode for each of the two data sets (5 points) f. Range for each of the two data sets (5 points) g. Standard Deviation for each of the two data sets (5 points) h. Q1 for each of the two data sets (5 points) i. Q3 for each of the two data sets (5 points) j. IQR for each of the two data sets (5 points) 7. For each of the two data sets, answer the following question: What is the best measure of Center and how did it relate to the shape? (10 points) 8. What is the Average value for each data set? Compare the average values for both groups. Which group had a higher average? Is there a significant difference between the averages? (10 points) 9. What is the best measure of Spread for each data set and how did it relate to the shape? Write a sentence explaining the meaning of the best Spreads. Which data set had more spread? (You can compare IQR to IQR or standard deviation to standard deviation.) (10 points) 10. For each data set answer the following question: Give two numbers that typical numbers in the data set fall in between. (“Typical Range”) (either Q1 and Q3 or the Mean +or- Standard Deviation) Do the typical ranges for the two data sets overlap? (10 points) 11. Conclusion Paragraph – Compare the two groups. What did the data show about the two populations? Why was your topic important or interesting? (10 points)
Explanation / Answer
A) The role of Specialist Nurses in community care
The speciality nurses play many key and sympathetic roles. The base canbe formed on the grounded theory as the most suitable qualitative research – it starts with conceiving the idea, collecting survey results, feedbacks from participants of the health care, patients discharged, the experience of the patients during their tenure in the nursing homes, - hence grounded theory is the best for this case.
B) Developing a primary health care service for the Chinese population in one city
Here the ethnographic qualitative research design would be the most suitable. Because this method employs studying the behavior of people from a particular geographical background, ethnic background, and religious belief system.
C) What is advocacy in primary health care?
Here the most suitable would be the phenomenology qualitative research design, and researching to understand the basic concepts encompassing it. Here we try to understand what are the parts that are prevailing in the world that we live in;
D) An evaluation of the Polyclinic - a one stop primary health care center
Here the most suitable would be the case study qualitative research design. The debth analysis is based on a single or a very small or minute number of units – the individual units are just the human person, a company or firm or an academic institution. As polyclininc can be categorized as a company or a firm, it can be researched using the case study methodology.
1. What is the geographical spread of your potential participants?
Assuming that I am running a college offering tertiary education courses, my potential participants could be both the local students as well as the international students from many nationalities.
2. Are there any specific inclusion criteria for selecting participants? Is so, briefly explain the criteria.
In India, there is a reservation quota – 30% of the seats are reserved for overseas students, 20% for the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, 20% for the women students, 10% for the disabled and mentally challenged and the rest is the open category. Hence these arethe specific selection criteria for the participating students;
3. Where or how could you obtain a list of potential participants?
The list of potential students or participants can be made from conducting a market research to find out how many students are graduating from the school and are in the college age. Also lits of any students who had a gap after their schooling since last year can also be made. Apart from this, surveys, focus groups, and feedback forms can be used as well.
4. Are there preexisting groups and what are the advantages and disadvantages of using those groups?
The preexisting groups can be the students in the same category and the benefit of using the preexisting groups is that we save on the advertising cost and budget.
Types of research methodologies:
Basic research, applied research.
They are further classified into Exploratory research and Conclusive research. Conclusive research can be either Descriptive research or causal research. Empirical and scientific research, management research, Inferential, simulation, quantitative, and qualitative research are the further categorizations.
The research process includes the following stages:
Clearly defining the research problem, review existing concepts and theories, reviewing previous researches, formulating an hypothesis (H0 the null hypoethisis, H1 the alternative hypothesis etc), coming up with a design of a research along with a sample design, data collection, interpretation, analyse the data, report of the data, and the feedback.
The most appropriate or suitable qualitative procedure or method employable for each of the 4 research problem depicted:
In case of the focus groups:
Geographical spread of participants:
1) phenomenology 2) ethnography 3) grounded theory 4) case study