An estimation problem making use your general knowledge of problem solving. No e
ID: 3163453 • Letter: A
Question
An estimation problem making use your general knowledge of problem solving. No equation need be memorized or will the student require a computer, calculator or cell phone. It will be more important to state the assumptions and discuss the method for the solution rather than an exact answer. Powers of 10 notation should be used and the HINTs should be used. A discussion of reasons one might believe in an a Earth centered world view and a discussion of reasons for a Sun centered world view 2000 years ago and in the seventeenth century (review the handout). A few content filled sentences explaining the contributions to astronomy of the following historical figures: Pythagoras, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus, Brahe, Galileo Johannes, Isaac Newton and including such terms as, retrograde motion, and ellipses. Newton's three laws of motion and examples of each of the laws. The use of F m times a = (mass) times (acceleration) to determine the forces on a body at rest and an accelerating body. Review and do the problems on the handout exercise sheet, a copy of which was handed out in class. The difference between mass and weight. Note that a mass of one kilogram (approximately 2.2 lbs.) on the planet Earth where the gravitational acceleration a is approximately 10 (meters (sec x sec) downward, weights 10 Newtons. This can be seen from the second of Newton's equations: F = m times a, where m = 1 kilogram, a = 10 (meters/(sec x sec), thus F=1 (kilogram) times 10 (meters (sec times sec)) 10 [(kilogram-meter) (sec times sec) = 10 Newtons Everywhere in our universe, an object with a mass of 1 kilogram would have the same mass, but the weight of the object would depend upon the acceleration of gravity experienced by that mass. The role of the Solar and Lunar calendars in the determination of movable celebratory feasts such as Passover and EasterExplanation / Answer
5. The mass, strictly the inertial mass, relates the acceleration of a body to the applied force via Newton's law:
F=ma
So if you apply a force of 1 Newton to a mass of 1kg it will accelerate at 1m/s2. This is true whether the object is floating in space or in a gravity field
e.g. at the Earth's surface.
The weight is the force a body exerts when it is in a gravitational field. The weight depends on the gravitational field.
For example the weight of a 1kg mass at the Earth's surface is 9.81 Newtons, while at the surface of Mars it's about 3.5 Newtons.
6. Difference between solar and lunar calendar
A solar calendar follows the sun—or rather, the Earth’s movement around the sun. As a result, there is no seasonal “drift.” The Winter solstice will always fall a day or two after December 20.
A lunar calendar loses this perfect synchronization with the seasons, through seasonal “drift,” so that the holy month of Ramadan may fall in summer one year, but over time, it will drift into other seasons.
So Passover, for example, will fall sometime in the spring, but not on precisely the same solar-calendar date from the previous year.
This makes Easter difficult to predict for Gentiles, by the way, because Easter falls just after Passover. And that requires that someone understand the Jewish calendar to determine Easter. The Jewish calendar is a mixed solar/lunar calendar that is a bit ingenious.