In this assignment, you will explore the relationship between three variables: g
ID: 3183370 • Letter: I
Question
In this assignment, you will explore the relationship between three variables: gender, alcohol consumption, and blood alcohol level. Specifically, you will examine the main effects and interaction effects of gender and alcohol consumption on blood alcohol content (BAC). You will begin with some comments about the study design and what types of inferences can be made. You will then explore the relationships between the variables using numerical summaries and graphical displays. Here you will also comment on the model assumptions. Finally, you will apply the general linear model (GLM) and regression procedures in SPSS to draw inferences about the variables. Gender, Alcohol Consumption, and Blood Alcohol Content Reports have claimed that females have a lower tolerance for alcohol consumption. A notable criticism of these reports is that females are generally shorter and weigh less than males, thus enabling males to consume more alcohol than females for an equal effect. These criticisms claim that the physical characteristics of the consumer are confounded with their alcohol tolerance, and thus gender may not be a factor. To control for physical characteristics, one study gathered a volunteer sample of thirty males and thirty females, all with very similar physical characteristics (age, height, and weight). All individuals were between 22 and 24 years of age, roughly 140 pounds, and between 64 and 68 inches. Individuals were also asked to refrain from eating for 12 hours prior to the study. Each individual was then randomly assigned to one of three alcohol consumption groups. The randomization ensured there were 10 males and 10 females in each alcohol consumption group. Group 1 consumed 1 drink, group 2 consumed 2 drinks, and group 3 consumed 4 drinks. A drink was measures as 4 ounces of table wine. Each individual had 10 minutes to consume their portion and was then administered a Breathalyzer test 10 minutes later to measure their blood alcohol content.
The primary goal of this particular study is to determine if gender is, indeed, a factor in determining blood alcohol content. In addition, by measuring BAC for different levels of alcohol consumption, we will also be able to explore the association between BAC and consumption amount.
The following is a description of the first two variables in the data file: Column Variable Name Description of Variable 1 GEN gender: 1 = Male, 0 = Female 2 ALC alcohol consumption: 1 = 1 drink, 2 = 2 drinks, 4 = 4 drinks. 3 BAC Blood alcohol content * 100 Answer the following questions using the data: Study Design
1. First you will describe the study and examine the study design.
(a) What is the population of interest? Who are the subjects used in the study? What is the response variable? What are the factors in the study? What are the levels of each factor? 2
(b) Comment on the study design by answering the following questions: Can the study be used to prove that alcohol consumption and/or gender cause the observed differences in BAC? Can inferences be drawn about the population?
Explanation / Answer
1.
Population of interest: People who consume alcohol
Subjects used in the study are a sample of equal number of males and females with similar phisical charactersitics who consume alcohol between the age of 22 and 24
Factors in the study are Gender and Alcohol consumption.
Gender has two levels namely Male and Female
Alcohol consumption has three levels namely 1 drink, 2 drinks and 4 drinks
2.
a. This study might not be the sufficient to prove the observed differences in BAC becuase we collect only the infomration on Gender and alcohol consumption, There might be some other variables, which is not measured.
The inference from this study cannot be generalized to the whole population becuase, this study involves only the younger age group of people. Hence, to generalize the results, the samples should include all the age range.