Patients with heart failure, diabetes, cancer, and lung disease who have various
ID: 3229048 • Letter: P
Question
Patients with heart failure, diabetes, cancer, and lung disease who have various infections from gram negative organisms often receive aminoglycosides. One of the side effects of aminoglycosides is nephrotoxicity (possible damage to the kidney). A study was performed comparing the nephrotoxicity (rise in serum creatinine of at least OS mg/dLJ for the aminoglycoside gentamicin. The following results were obtained No rise in serum creatinine Rise in serum creatinine (KOS) 82 Gentamicin (G) No Gentamicin (G) Test the hypotheses that there is a significant relationship between gentamicin and nephrotoxicity using achi-square test with alpha -5%. 17. What is the alternative hypothesis? a. There is no association between gentamicin and nephrotoxicity b. There is an a ion between gentamicin and nephrotoxicity HP302 NO1 Final Exam Part 1 Page 3 c. Those who take gentamicin have greater serum creatinine levels d. Those who take gentamicin have lower serum creatinine levels 18. What is the critical value? a. +1.96 lb. +1.7959 c. +1.645 d. +384 19. What is the expected value of those who take gentamicin and have a rise in serum creatinine? Round to two decimal places. a. 3089 18.11 c, 20. What is the expected value of those who take gentamicin and have no rise in serum creatinine? Round to two decimal places. a. 49.89 21. What is the expected value of those who do not take gentamicin and have a rise in serum creatinine? Round to two decimal places.Explanation / Answer
Given table data is as below
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calculation formula for E table matrix
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expected frequecies calculated by applying E - table matrix formulae
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calculate chisquare test statistic using given observed frequencies, calculated expected frequencies from above
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set up null vs alternative as
null, Ho: no relation b/w X and Y OR X and Y are independent
alternative, H1: exists a relation b/w X and Y OR X and Y are dependent
level of significance, = 0.05
from standard normal table, chi square value at right tailed, ^2 /2 =3.8415
since our test is right tailed,reject Ho when ^2 o > 3.8415
we use test statistic ^2 o = (Oi-Ei)^2/Ei
from the table , ^2 o = 1.1537
critical value
the value of |^2 | at los 0.05 with d.f (r-1)(c-1)= ( 2 -1 ) * ( 2 - 1 ) = 1 * 1 = 1 is 3.8415
we got | ^2| =1.1537 & | ^2 | =3.8415
make decision
hence value of | ^2 o | < | ^2 | and here we do not reject Ho
^2 p_value =0.2828
ANSWERS
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null, Ho: no relation b/w X and Y OR X and Y are independent
alternative, H1: exists a relation b/w X and Y OR X and Y are dependent
test statistic: 1.1537
critical value: 3.8415
p-value:0.2828
decision: do not reject Ho
there is no association between them
col1 col2 row 1 34 82 116 row 2 15 53 68 TOTALS 49 135 N = 184