Please answer them step by step with more explanation 4. During initial operatio
ID: 3279967 • Letter: P
Question
Please answer them step by step with more explanation 4. During initial operation, the LHC was running at a proton beam energy of 3.5 TeV per beam. Now, it has been upgraded' to operate at 14 TeV 'total' energy. Assume the LHC is a perfectly circular machine of circumference to be 26 km, and that the fields of the dipoles occupy 90% of the accelerator ring. Calculate the field required in Tesla and the synchrotron radiation loss per turn at the energy at which the machine was running (3.5 TeV) and then again after upgrade. Beyond the LHC, scientists consider building a larger next-generation collider of either 50 km or 100 km magnet? Given that maximum, what are the highest energies that could be achieved for a 50 km and for a 100 km ring assuming steering magnets are the only constraint and 80% di occupancy? For this maximum energy case, how much energy would be lost per turn by a proton and, instead, for the same energy electron? circumference. What is the maximum field that can be generated by an LHC-style opole 5. Collisions of protons on lead ions took place at the LHC in early 2013. At the LHC the lead atoms are fully ionized (all electrons are removed). Assume that only the most common isotope of lead is extracted by the LHC injector chain and that the LHC has 1500 dipole magnets which each provide a field of 4 T over an effective beam path of 14 m (ignore fringe effects). a) Calculate the momentum of the proton and the lead ion.Explanation / Answer
B= 2*E*SQRT(Gamma* rest mass of the particle)/( charge of the particle* Radius);
Energy loss per turn by the charged particle taking into account a revolution time (2*pie*R)/ C
= (4 * Pie* e^2)/3R * { E/mc^2}^4
Power radiated P = 2/3 * (e^2*C)/2R * { E/mC^2}^4