Consider this hypothetical study: A researcher conducted a cross-sectional study

Question

Consider this hypothetical study: A researcher conducted a cross-sectional study to look at the association between drinking coffee and the occurrence of dental caries. She stratified the data by gender and obtained the following tables: Dental Caries Coffee drinkin Yes 0 Yes No Yes 10 40 25 30 No 30 70 25 70 Males Females Which of the following statements best describes the role of gender in the association of coffee drinking and dental caries? Oa. Gender is an effect modifier of the association between coffee drinking and dental caries. O b. Gender is both a confounder and an effect modifier of the association between coffee drinking and dental caries O Gender is a confounder of the association between coffee drinking and dental caries. o d.Gender is neither a confounder nor an effect modifier of the association between coffee drinking and dental caries

Explanation / Answer

Confounding: A situation in which the effect or association between an exposure and outcome is distorted by the presence of another variable. ...Effect modification : a variable that differentially (positively and negatively) modifies the observedeffect of a risk factor on disease status

So, coffee here is both

B option

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