Planes of section: A vertical section that divides the body into right and left

ID: 33368 • Letter: P

Question

Planes of section: A vertical section that divides the body into right and left parts is a ___________ section

A. frontal

B. oblique

C. transverse

D. sagittal

E. coronal

Which of these body structures lies the farthest ventrally?

A. ankle

B. neural tube in an embryo

C. scrotum (male)

D. triceps brachii muscle

E. sacrum

Light microscopy (LM) versus electron microscopy (EM): Circle the correct statement.

A. LM gives sharper pictures at higher magnification.

B. EM, not LM, shows details within cells.

C. Both EM and LM give colored images (pink from eosin and purple from hematoxylin, for example).

D. EM does not use sectioned-tissue slices, only whole, preserved tissue.

E. A method for viewing three-dimensional structures at high magnification is scanning LM (scanning light microscopy).

What kind of molecule in the unit membrane gives the membrane its basic, bi-layered (two-layered) structure?

A. phospholipid

B. osmium tetroxide

C. cholesterol

D. protein

E. glycocalyx (sugar)

Use logic and what you already know to answer this: One of our cellular organelles contains its own DNA and 37 genes that are much more similar to those of bacteria than to the ordinary genes in the nucleus of any kind of animal cell. That organelle is the . . .

A. mitochondrion

B. rough endoplasmic reticulum

C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D. lysosome

E. ribosome

Which part of the cell skeleton (cytoskeleton) of all cells is also essential for the sliding-filament mechanism of muscle-cell contraction?

A. microtubule

B. actin microfilament

C. intermediate filament

D. mitotic spindle

E. collagen fiber

In a goblet cell, which organelle makes the mucous secretory product (called mucin protein)?

A. lysosome

B. nucleolus

C. rough endoplasmic reticulum

D. glycosome

E. plasmalemma

The human body has several basic regions. Which of the following is NOT part of the axial region of our body?

A. left leg

B. head

C. neck

D. perineum

E. thoracic vertebral column

Several times we said that the outer part of the body of all vertebrates is segmented. Use what you have learned, and estimate how many segments the human body has.

A. 2

B. 3

C. 40

D. 2000

E. one million

A patient said he refuses to be exposed to any X-rays, but that other kinds of energy are okay. Given this, you could use any kind of medical imaging or examination on him, EXCEPT for . . .

A. PET

B. MRI

C. Ultrasonography

D. deep palpation

E. CT (CAT)

A janitor accidentally left a big wrench in an examining room next to a medical imaging device. Then, when the device was turned on, the wrench flew rapidly into the device and barely missed hitting the patient who was being scanned in there. That was a lucky miss, but then later, the patient found that several metal fillings had been pulled loose from her teeth. From this information, deduce what kind of imaging device was being used.

A. CT

B. PET

C. MRI

D. traditional X-rays with a new electronic sensor screen.

E. ultrasound imaging

The notochord . . .

A. becomes our spinal cord and brain.

B. is a hollow tube.

C. is present in the adult but not in the embryo.

D. forms at the primitive node.

E. is the same as our backbone.

Choose the correct time-order of these embryonic stages, from the earliest (youngest) to the latest (oldest): 1. Cylindrical or tadpole-shaped body; 2. Early blastocyst, 3. Morula, 4. Double-bubble with first appearance of the embryonic disc, amniotic sac and yolk sac, 5. First primitive streak and first mesoderm.

A. 2, 3, 4, 1, 5

B. 5, 3, 2, 1, 4

C. 3, 2, 4, 5, 1

D. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

E. 3, 4, 5, 1, 2

We defined an embryo and a fetus very precisely in this course, and also said that the first bone tissue forms in the earliest fetus. How many weeks after conception (fertilization) is this?

A. 8 to 9

B. 16 to 17

C. 22

D. 38

E. 255

Which embryonic germ layer forms the brain and spinal cord?

A. ectoderm

B. mesoderm

C. mesenchyme

D. endoderm

E. hypoblast

Which of these does NOT develop from somites?

A. vertebrae

B. hair

C. some dermis of the skin

D. intercostal muscles

E. myotomes

What are the four basic types of tissue in our body?

A. nervous, skeletal, muscular, and blood

B. connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous

C. glandular, bone, blood, and brain

D. fat, bone, gristle, and hair

E. muscle, bone, gut, and fat

Epithelium: Choose the FALSE statement.

A. Simple squamous epithelium is thin, which can allow fast, passive diffusion of small molecules across this epithelium.

B. Endothelium is a special type of stratified cuboidal epithelium.

C. Simple columnar epithelium can be involved in secretion, reabsorption, or in ciliary transport.

D. Simple columnar epithelium lines the lumen of our small intestine.

E. The epidermis epithelium of our skin is stratified squamous.

Choose the FALSE statement about epithelium.

A. cells are tightly joined by cell junctions

B. forms most of the glands in the body

C. is underlain by connective tissue (usually loose areolar)

D. embryonic ectoderm is an epithelial tissue

E. has lots of extracellular matrix

In the pancreas, the exocrine glands have branched ducts and their secretory units are hollow balls of secretory cells. This kind of gland is . . .

A. simple tubular

B. stratified squamous

C. compound acinar

D. branched tubular

E. simple alveolar

What are the three basic elements of the matrix of connective tissue?

A. mineral crystals, glycosaminoglycans, reticular fibers

B. reticular fibers, collagen fibers, elastic fibers

C. cells, cell junctions, basal lamina

D. plasma, defense cells, and myofilaments

E. ground substance, fibers, tissue fluid

Choose the INCORRECT match between the structure and its function.

A. fibroblast: secretes collagen protein

B. ground substance: holds tissue fluid

C. collagen fibers: resist tension

D. tissue macrophage: secretes antibodies

E. ground substance: gives connective tissue bulk, like packing material.

Which of these has the highest concentration of dense irregular connective tissue?

A. ligament

B. tendon

C. synovial membrane

D. dermis of skin

E. adipose tissue below the skin

Which is NOT a type of cartilage tissue?

A. vascularized cartilage (containing many blood vessels)

B. hyaline cartilage

C. fibrocartilage

D. elastic cartilage

E. calcified cartilage

Choose the WRONG type of cartilage.

A. rings in the walls of your trachea: hyaline cartilage

B. cartilage in your ear: elastic cartilage

C. costal cartilage: hyaline cartilage

D. cartilage in the ligament of your pubic symphysis: fibrocartilage

E. articular cartilage on the bone ends of a synovial joint: elastic cartilage.

Another name for the cartilage growth plate between the end and shaft of a growing long bone is the . . .

A. epiphysis

B. diaphyseal plate

C. epiphyseal plate

D. marrow cavity

E. meniscus

A man went to the butcher shop and bought a cow bone for his dog. He discovered a fibrous membrane on the outside of the bone, so he pulled it off and looked at it. This membrane was . . .

A. a tendon

B. the synovial membrane

C. dermis (cowhide)

D. the periosteum

E. a ligament

Spongy bone . . .

A. is weaker than compact bone.

B. is soft like a wet sponge.

C. is the same thing as woven bone.

D. is located on the exterior of the bones of the skeleton as well as in their interior.

E. is absent from the long bones, such as the femur.

In an osteon, the lamellae are arranged as . . .

A. spider-shaped cells

B. flat plates

C. a branching network of random bars (woven bone)

D. a set of cylindrical rings, one inside another

E. giant, six-sided mineral crystals

Endochondral ossification: Choose the FALSE statement.

A. The epiphyses are made entirely of cartilage until the time of birth, and then they gain bone tissue.

B. The shaft of a long bone becomes the primary center of ossification in the early fetus.

C. Growth hormone signals our bones to grow longer.

D. Endochondral bones start out as hyaline cartilage in the late embryo.

E. The frontal bone of the skull forms by endochondral ossification.

In bone remodelling, the cell type that breaks down bone tissue is the . . .

A. osteoclast

B. osteoblast

C. stem cell

D. osteocyte

E. mast cell

To correct a dislocated temporamandibular joint, the physician grasps the patient

Explanation / Answer