Match each example to the correct principle of scientific thinking. Individuals
ID: 3449292 • Letter: M
Question
Match each example to the correct principle of scientific thinking.
Individuals who experience excessive stress as children tend to develop depression during adolescence, however this does not mean that depression is a direct result of stress.
Supporters of psychics claim that because a person can make an accurate prediction, this individual is able to predict any future event and there is no other way to explain the accurate prediction. However, it would best to first consider the possibility that the "psychic" just had a lucky guess, or had prior knowledge of the given situation that allowed an accurate prediction to be made.
A friend witnesses a performer who claims to be a psychic and who can make predictions. During the performance, your friend insists that the 'psychic's' ability to identify specific information about her could only be explained by telepathy or some form of ESP. You insist there are more logical and obvious explanations.
A study finds that graduate students prefer online courses to traditional courses, and three other studies by other researchers produces similar findings with a sample of graduate students from another school.
It is assumed that identical twins will tend to develop very similar personalities because they have the same DNA, suggesting that personality traits are inherited. At the same time, identical twins are usually raised in the same household, which could suggest that the development of personality is also due to environmental factors.
A theory asserts that depression and stress, when both are present at the same time, have a reciprocal relationship in which both amplify each other. Assume this is considered a "good theory" because it can be disproven through testing of hypotheses.
Individuals who experience excessive stress as children tend to develop depression during adolescence, however this does not mean that depression is a direct result of stress.
Answer 1Choose...correlation is not causationfalsifiability (shows evidence it can falsified)Ruling out rival hypothesisreplicabilityOcaam’s razorextraordinary claims require extraordinary evidenceSupporters of psychics claim that because a person can make an accurate prediction, this individual is able to predict any future event and there is no other way to explain the accurate prediction. However, it would best to first consider the possibility that the "psychic" just had a lucky guess, or had prior knowledge of the given situation that allowed an accurate prediction to be made.
Answer 2Choose...correlation is not causationfalsifiability (shows evidence it can falsified)Ruling out rival hypothesisreplicabilityOcaam’s razorextraordinary claims require extraordinary evidenceA friend witnesses a performer who claims to be a psychic and who can make predictions. During the performance, your friend insists that the 'psychic's' ability to identify specific information about her could only be explained by telepathy or some form of ESP. You insist there are more logical and obvious explanations.
Answer 3Choose...correlation is not causationfalsifiability (shows evidence it can falsified)Ruling out rival hypothesisreplicabilityOcaam’s razorextraordinary claims require extraordinary evidenceA study finds that graduate students prefer online courses to traditional courses, and three other studies by other researchers produces similar findings with a sample of graduate students from another school.
Answer 4Choose...correlation is not causationfalsifiability (shows evidence it can falsified)Ruling out rival hypothesisreplicabilityOcaam’s razorextraordinary claims require extraordinary evidenceIt is assumed that identical twins will tend to develop very similar personalities because they have the same DNA, suggesting that personality traits are inherited. At the same time, identical twins are usually raised in the same household, which could suggest that the development of personality is also due to environmental factors.
Answer 5Choose...correlation is not causationfalsifiability (shows evidence it can falsified)Ruling out rival hypothesisreplicabilityOcaam’s razorextraordinary claims require extraordinary evidenceA theory asserts that depression and stress, when both are present at the same time, have a reciprocal relationship in which both amplify each other. Assume this is considered a "good theory" because it can be disproven through testing of hypotheses.
Explanation / Answer
1. Correlation is not causation
2. Occam’s razor
3. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
4. Replicability
5. Ruling out rival hypothesis
6. Falsifiability