CHAPTER REVIEW Knowledge and Comprehension I. The diffusion of O, across the res
ID: 3472668 • Letter: C
Question
CHAPTER REVIEW Knowledge and Comprehension I. The diffusion of O, across the respiratory membrane is increased by a. increased trachea length. b. increased alveoli ventilation. c. decreased alveoli ventilation. d. decreased respiratory membrane area. e. increased respiratory membrane thickness. 2. The airways are protected against airborne hazards by d. ciliated epithelial cells lining the airway e. all of the above. a. nasal hair. c. mucous coating. 3. Gas exchange take places in the a. alveoli. b. nasal cavity c. secondary bronchi. d. terminal bronchioles. e. respiratory bronchioles. 4. During quiet exhalation, a. the rib cage is raised. b. the diaphragm relaxes c. the diaphragm contracts d. the scalene muscles contract. e. the bronchi are vasoconstricted. 5. Plasma CO, levels affect blood pH because CO, is complexed to heme. b. a. because CO2 is converted to carbonic acid. ), absorbs acid produced by tissues. d. because CO, is absorbed by buffers in the blood. e. because CO, produces a strong base in the blood. 6. Oxygen diffuses from inside the pulmonary capillary to inside the alveoli because a. it follows CO, out of the body. b. it is complexed to heme inside the alveoli. c. it is at a greater concentration in the capillaries than in the alveoli. d. it is at a greater concentration in the alveoli than in the capillaries. e. oxygen could never diffuse from the pulmonary capillaries to alveolar space under any circumstances. Which of the following anatomical structures connect a. Bronchioles b. Esophagus c. Larynx 7. of the following anatomical structures connect bronchi to the pharynx? d. Nose e. Trachea 8. Air enter the lungs during inhalation a. because the bronchioles vasodilate during each inhalation. b. because intrapleural pressure exceeds the elastic recoil of the lungs. c. because the intrapleural pressure equals the elastic recoil of the lungs. d. because air pressure inside the alveoli is less than atmospheric air pressure. e. because air pressure inside the alveoli is greater than atmospheric air pressure. 9. Hemoglobin affnity for O, is affcted by many things. Which of the following would incresse the the saturation curve to the left)? a. Increased CO b. Increased acidity c. Increased temperature the ahnicy d d. Decreased temperature e. a, b, and c are correct 872 Chapter 22-The Respiratory SystemExplanation / Answer
The second option (alveoli) is correct. Under proper ventilation in alveoli, oxygen enters the alveoli at a high rate. Therefore, to increase oxygen diffusion rate, alveoli ventilation should increase. The fifth option (all of the above) is the correct option. The all given structure help in respiring contamination free air, the nose have nasal hair, trachea have ciliated epithelial lining and cilial cells and nasal cells secrete mucus, macrophages are present in alveoli for engulfing foreign particles. The first option (alveoli) is correct. Gas exchanges occur in between alveoli can blood capillaries surrounding it. The second option (diaphragm relaxes) is correct. Quiet exhalation is a passive process and requires the relaxation of contracted diaphragm that occurred in inhalation. The second option (carbonic acid) is correct. The fourth option (greater in alveoli than the capillaries) is correct. The fifth option (trachea) is correct. The fourth option (carbonic acid) is correct. It is due to lower pressure in alveoli than the environment. The option –e (a, b, and c are correct) is correct. That shifts the oxygen curve in right in osygen-dissociation curve.