Anatomy& Physiology Lab Exercise: Integumentary System NAME: I. Lab Objectives A
ID: 3476800 • Letter: A
Question
Anatomy& Physiology Lab Exercise: Integumentary System NAME: I. Lab Objectives A. Observe a model of the skin and name its structures Activity 1: Locating Structures on a Skin Model - identify the following structures on the skin model and answer the questions below -Epidermis layers (from superficial to deep) Q. 1. Tissue type? O. 2. Stratum corneum Type of cells? Function? Q. 3. Stratum lucidum Type of cells? Only found where? O. 4. Stratum granulosum Type of cells? What do they produce? Q. 5. Stratum spinosum Type of cells? What protective cells are found in this layer? Q. 6. Stratum basale 3 types of cells? What processes occur here? Dermis layers Q. 7 Papillary layer Type of tissue? Sensory cell type? Q. 8. Reticular layer Main tissue type? 2 gland types? Pressure receptor type? Blood vessels present or absent? Hair follicles & arrector pili present or absent? Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue under the skin) Q. 9. 2 tissue types: Blood vessels present or absent?Explanation / Answer
Q 1- EPIDERMIS is epithelial tissue (keratinized squamous)
Q2- Stratum corneum is made of anucleate dead cells( corneocytes) . It is keratinized.
Functions are :- a) barrier function b) prevents the water to get evaporated from the skin surface amd keeps the skim hydrated c) It is thick in soles and palm which helps to bear the mechanical stresses
Q 3- Stratum lucidum is made of 3-4 layers of dead keratinocytes and the cells donot have specific boundaries but contains Eleidin which is made up of intermediate keratin.
It is found only in the skin of Palm and soles.
Q4- Stratum granulosum is made of diamond shaped keratinocytes which has keratohyaline granules within the cells which are in turn made of filaggrin which causes keratin filaments to aggregate. These cells also have Oadland bodies which are membrane coated granules which has lipid which helps in barrier function.
Q5- This layer consist of flat and polygonal keratinocyte which are connected to each other by Desmosomal bridges .
These desmosomal bridges that join the keratinocytes provide a barrier function.
Q6- Stratum basale is made of keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhan cells and mekel cells.
It is a continuously multiplying layer. Melanocytes are also found in basal layer and project their dendrites to superficial epidermis where they transfer melanosomes to keratinocytes which in turn contain majority of cutaneous pigment. 36 keratinocytes per melanocytes gives rise to a epidermal melanin unit.
Q7- Papillary layer is the superficial layer is made of loose connective tissue. It has nerve endings- tactlie Meissners corpuscles.
Q8- Tissue type is dense irregular connective tissue.
Two main glands are:- sebaceous and sweat glands
Pressure receptor type are:- pacinian or lamellar corpuscles
Blood vessels are present -arterioles and venules
Root of hair follicles are present.
Q9- Hypodermis is made of fat and loose connective tissue.
Large Blood vessels are present.