Please answer number 2-4 briefly. MAKE THE CONNECTION Nutritional deficiencies i
ID: 3477621 • Letter: P
Question
Please answer number 2-4 briefly.
MAKE THE CONNECTION Nutritional deficiencies interfere with cell metabolism and tissue structure. Look up rickets in your textbook or other resource and describe how rickets affects the extracellular matrix of bone and describe how this change in extracellular matrix causes the symptoms of rickets. 1. Sphincters are circular muscles present in certain area of the body. Defecation and urination are controlled by a pair of sphincters-external and internal. 2. Which type of muscle tissue makes up these sphincters? Briefly explain how sphincters control these function in infants when they go from involuntary to voluntary control Tendons and ligaments have limited blood supply. Explain if and how it affects the repair process in case they get damaged. 3. Read about Marfan syndrome. Describe the tissue it involves: 4. Which organs/systems does it affect? What are the signs and symptoms?Explanation / Answer
2.Internal and external sphincters are present both in urethra(opening through urine is passed out) as well in the the anus.
Internal sphincters are made up of smooth muscle So they work involuntarily. It is under the control of autonomous nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system contracts and parasympathetic relaxes these sphincters.
External sphincters are made up of skeletal muscle.It work under voluntary control of somatic system.
Smoith muscles are non striated muscles consisting of spindle shaped cells with centrally located nucleus.
Skeletal muscles are striated muscles They are made of elongated cells called myofibres.
In infants the urination occurs as involuntarily as the the full bladder control will be achieved on by the age of 3 or 4.In babies the control mainly occurs at spinal cord level not at the brain level as brain is not fully developed.
3.Tendons attach muscle to bone .Ligaments connect bone to bone.The healing process of tendon and ligaments occurs in three stages INFLAMMATIO,PROLIFERATIIN ,HEALING
The first stage requires adequate blood supply as plates present in the blood is required for the clot formation .The blood carries various cells involved in body's defence mechanism to injury site.Blood provides energy and nutrients.
Due to limited blood supply the healing process will be slow . The blood needed for healing are supplied by connection between tendon and surrounding tissue.
4.Marfan is an inherited connective tissue disorder. Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body which gives support and strength to organs,bind structures together.
Symptoms are tall thin stature,long arms,curved back,flat feet,murmurs,blurred vision,high arched palate.
Organs affected are eyes,bones,joints,cardiovascular system(aorta,heart valves,other blood vessels).