Please answer these questions with brief explanation Thank you in advance. Q1: D

Question

Please answer these questions with brief explanation

Thank you in advance.

Q1: During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the aortic (semi-lunar) values close?

a. Total diastole

b. Atrial systole

c. Isovolumetric ventricular systole

d. Ventricular systole (ejection)

e. Isovolumetric ventricular diastole

Q2: During which phase do you see the steepest increase left ventricular pressure?

a. Total diastole

b. Atrial systole

c. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

d. Ventricular ejection

e. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Q3: During which phase do you see the dicrotic notch?

a. Total diastole

b. Atrial systole

c. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

d. Ventricular ejection

e. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Q4: During which phase(s) do you see the line flatline in your ventricular volume graphs? (multiple answers)

a. Total diastole

b. Atrial systole

c. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

d. Ventricular ejection

e. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Q5: During which phase do you see the steepest increase in left ventricular volume?

a. Total diastole

b. Atrial systole

c. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

d. Ventricular ejection

e. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

110 Aortie pressuru 50 Let atrial pressure Left ventricular pressure End-diastelic Left vntricular volume 130 5 65 systelic ECG 1st Heart sounds Systole Phasu of cardiac cycle

Explanation / Answer

1.c

Isovolumetric ventricular systole is also known as isovolumetric ventricular contraction, during which there is a pressure build-up in the ventricles but since there is no release of blood (till the pressure surpasses the aortic pressure ) as the semilunar valves close volume remains constant

2. c

Steepest rise in the left ventricular pressure is seen during Isovolumetric ventricular contraction, as seen in the graph.-This occurs during early systole wherein the ventricles contract but the ejection of blood does not take place (volume remains constant) and hence there is a pressure build-up in the ventricle

3.e

It is during Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation where relaxation of the ventricular muscle occurs.This occurs after systole ends. ventricular volume remains constant during this phase because ventricular pressure remains above that of the atria, so no filling of the ventricles takes place. During the beginning of this phase, there is small dip in the Aortic Pressure curve, called the "Dicrotic Notch" which occurs due to snapping shut of the aortic valve, following this the aortic pressure slowly declines as the blood is pumped out from the heart to circulation

4 c & e

Isovolumetric means no change in the volume. During Isovolumetric ventricular contraction, contraction of ventricles takes place building up the pressure in the ventricles but since the pressure, there is less than the pressure in aorta and pulmonary artery (with respect to left and right ventricle respectively ) the blood is not ejected from the ventricles and hence the volume remains same with a constant increase in pressure

isovolumetric relaxation is explained above(ans 3)

5.b

ventricular filling occurs during the diastolic phase where the blood from atria is being ejected into the ventricles after systole(contraction ) and thus the volume of ventricles keep on increasing, it is during atria, systole which is the final portion of the diastole, that the atria contract and push the final Ventricular End Diastolic Volume (VEDV) into the ventricles increasing its volume.

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